Respiratory Surgery II Flashcards
What nerve innervates the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle?
- Left recurrent pharyngeal nerve
Where is the soft palate in the horse?
Tucked under the epiglottis unless the horse is swallowing –> moves dorsal so that ingesta can enter the esophagus
What is recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia/ “roarer”?
- Uni/ bi lateral paralysis of the cricoarytenoid muscle
- Left side most common
Where is roaring most commonly seen?
- 1-10 years old
- large breed horses
- Thoroughbred yearling
What is the etiology of roaring?
Perivascular injection Guttaral pouch mycosis Trauma Strangles Organophosphate toxicity Plant poisoning Lead Toxicity CNS disease Liver disease
How can you diagnose roaring?
History –> noise and exercise intolerance
Palpation
Endoscopy –> slap test, videoendoscopy during treadmill exercise
What is the slap test?
A way to evaluate the recurrent laryngeal nerve and portion of spinal cord
- Slap withers during endoscopy
- Observe adduction of contralateral arytenoid cartilage
What occurs is spinal cervical cord –> medulla decussation –> recurrent laryngeal nerve
** If nerve is damaged, you won’t see a response**
What is a grade 1 laryngeal paralysis?
Normal full abduction of left and right
What is a grade 2 laryngeal paralysis?
Asynchronous abduction but full abduction can be achieved
What is a grade 3 laryngeal paralysis?
Symmetry at rest some movement, abduction can be achieved
What is a grade 4 laryngeal paralysis?
Asymmetry at rest and no movement
What is the treatment for laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngoplasty (tieback)
- right lateral recumbency (because L side usually affected)
Why is it important to tie a tight know when tying the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle?
The tighter you tie the muscle, the more it opens the arytenoid cartilage
What are some complications of tieback?
Seroma
