Respiratory stystem

Question 1

Two common complications of intubation and barotrauma are __________ and ___________

Answer 1

pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum

Question 2

A catheter commonly used to measure cardiac output and central venous pressure is the:

Answer 2

Swan-Ganz

Question 3

The optimal location for a central venous catheter is where the brachiocephalic veins join to form the:

Answer 3

superior vena cava

Question 4

An overexposed radiograph is often requested for visualizing transvenous endocardiac pacemakers to demonstrate both the ________ and the ________.

Answer 4

generator, electrodes

Question 5

The most common complication associated with the Swan-Ganz catheter is _______ distal to the catheter tip.

Answer 5

infarction

Question 6

Briefly describe why a lateral chest radiograph is very important for determining the correct position of the tip of the electrode of a transvenous cardia pacemaker

Answer 6

In AP and PA radiographs, the tip may appear to be in the proper position, but a lateral view is needed to ensure that the tip is in the anterior portion of the right ventricle — the correct position.

Question 7

________ is a disease of newborns characterized by progressive under aeration of the lungs and a granular appearance.

Answer 7

hyaline membrane disease

Question 8

_______ is a hereditary disease in which thick mucus is secreted by all the exocrine glands.

Answer 8

cystic fibrosis

Question 9

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent or pus like material is called a(n):

Answer 9

lung abcess

Question 10

What radiographic procedure is often required to confirm the diagnosis of bronchiectasis when the results of routine chest radiographs are inconclusive?

Answer 10

bronchography

Question 11

Flattening of the domes of the diaphragm, increased AP diameter of the chest, and increased lucency of the retrosternal air space are suggestive of a diagnosis of:

Answer 11

emphysema

Question 12

The three most common pneumoconiosis are:

Answer 12

silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis

Question 13

A granulomatous disease of unknown origin that usually affects women more than men and African-Americans more than whites, and whose presence is most often identified on screening chest radiographs is:

Answer 13

sarcoidosis

Question 14

An abnormal vascular communication between a pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein is termed a(n):

Answer 14

pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Question 15

What medical emergency has occurred when air continues to enter the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to complete collapse of a lung and shift of the heart and mediastinal structures?

Answer 15

tension pneumothorax

Question 16

Pus in the pleural space is called:

Answer 16

empyema

Question 17

A lung inflammation caused by bacteria or viruses is called a(n):

Answer 17

pneumonia

Question 18

Name two common types of pulmonary mycoses:

Answer 18

histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis

Question 19

For the radiographer’s safety, it is important to remember that tuberculosis is spread mainly by ______, which produces infectious ________.

Answer 19

coughing, droplets

Question 20

What medical term is used to describe the entry of air in to the pleural space?

Answer 20

pneumothorax

Question 21

An increased volume of air in the lungs is seen in:

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

Inhalation of irritating dusts leasing to chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis is called:

Answer 22

pneumoconiosis

Question 23

A malignant pleural neoplasm that results from asbestosis is:

Answer 23

mesothelioma

Question 24

The trapping of bacteria in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse is called:

Answer 24

septic embolism

Question 25

Reduced air volume within a lung leading to collapse is termed:

Answer 25

atelectasis

Question 26

Why do intrabronchial foreign bodies occur more frequently in the lower right lung?

Answer 26

larger and more vertical main stem bronchi

Question 27

Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest can produce ______ , which appears as streaks of air that outline muscles of the thorax and sometimes the neck.

Answer 27

subcutaneous emphysema

Question 28

At what costal interspace does the diaphragm lie when the lungs are fully inflated?

Answer 28

tenth

Question 29

Air collecting behind the sternum and dissecting up into the soft tissue of the neck is called:

Answer 29

mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum)

Question 30

An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, sometimes caused by heart failure or pulmonary embolus, is called:

Answer 30

effusion.