Respiratory stystem Flashcards
Two common complications of intubation and barotrauma are __________ and ___________
pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum
A catheter commonly used to measure cardiac output and central venous pressure is the:
Swan-Ganz
The optimal location for a central venous catheter is where the brachiocephalic veins join to form the:
superior vena cava
An overexposed radiograph is often requested for visualizing transvenous endocardiac pacemakers to demonstrate both the ________ and the ________.
generator, electrodes
The most common complication associated with the Swan-Ganz catheter is _______ distal to the catheter tip.
infarction
Briefly describe why a lateral chest radiograph is very important for determining the correct position of the tip of the electrode of a transvenous cardia pacemaker
In AP and PA radiographs, the tip may appear to be in the proper position, but a lateral view is needed to ensure that the tip is in the anterior portion of the right ventricle — the correct position.
________ is a disease of newborns characterized by progressive under aeration of the lungs and a granular appearance.
hyaline membrane disease
_______ is a hereditary disease in which thick mucus is secreted by all the exocrine glands.
cystic fibrosis
A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent or pus like material is called a(n):
lung abcess
What radiographic procedure is often required to confirm the diagnosis of bronchiectasis when the results of routine chest radiographs are inconclusive?
bronchography
Flattening of the domes of the diaphragm, increased AP diameter of the chest, and increased lucency of the retrosternal air space are suggestive of a diagnosis of:
emphysema
The three most common pneumoconiosis are:
silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis
A granulomatous disease of unknown origin that usually affects women more than men and African-Americans more than whites, and whose presence is most often identified on screening chest radiographs is:
sarcoidosis
An abnormal vascular communication between a pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein is termed a(n):
pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
What medical emergency has occurred when air continues to enter the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to complete collapse of a lung and shift of the heart and mediastinal structures?
tension pneumothorax
Pus in the pleural space is called:
empyema
A lung inflammation caused by bacteria or viruses is called a(n):
pneumonia
Name two common types of pulmonary mycoses:
histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis
For the radiographer’s safety, it is important to remember that tuberculosis is spread mainly by ______, which produces infectious ________.
coughing, droplets
What medical term is used to describe the entry of air in to the pleural space?
pneumothorax
An increased volume of air in the lungs is seen in:
emphysema
Inhalation of irritating dusts leasing to chronic inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis is called:
pneumoconiosis
A malignant pleural neoplasm that results from asbestosis is:
mesothelioma
The trapping of bacteria in the pulmonary circulation that occurs in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse is called:
septic embolism
Reduced air volume within a lung leading to collapse is termed:
atelectasis
Why do intrabronchial foreign bodies occur more frequently in the lower right lung?
larger and more vertical main stem bronchi
Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest can produce ______ , which appears as streaks of air that outline muscles of the thorax and sometimes the neck.
subcutaneous emphysema
At what costal interspace does the diaphragm lie when the lungs are fully inflated?
tenth
Air collecting behind the sternum and dissecting up into the soft tissue of the neck is called:
mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum)
An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, sometimes caused by heart failure or pulmonary embolus, is called:
effusion.
