Nervous, Reproductive, Endocrine Flashcards
The imaging modality of choice to evaluate patients with suspected neurologic dysfunction caused by head trauma is _______.
CT
Arterial bleeding sometimes associated with head trauma can cause ______ hematomas.
epidural
venous bleeding sometimes associated with head trauma can cause _______ hematomas.
subdural
Movement of the brain within the calvaria following blunt trauma to the skull sometimes results in a cerebral ______.
contusion
Bleeding into the ventricular system caused by injury to surface veins, cerebral parenchyma, or cortical arteries can cause _______ hemorrhage.
subarachnoid
Plain radiographs of the facial bones should always be made with the patient in the ________ position if possible.
erect
The most common primary brain tumor is a _________.
alioma
A benign tumor that arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura is called a ________.
meningioma
The most common neoplasms that metastasize to the brain arise in the _________ and ________.
lung, breast
A viral inflammation of the brain and meninges is called_________.
encephalitis
The best imaging modality to evaluate brain abscesses is _________.
CT
The two imaging procedures of choice to evaluate the extent of a stroke in the brain are____________ and _________.
CT, MRI
The acronym TIA stands for:
transient ischemic attack
The imaging modality of choice to demonstrate the plaques of demyelination that are characteristic of multiple sclerosis is ____________.
MRI
A condition in which brain impulses are temporarily disturbed, the results of which rage from loss of consciousness to violent seizures, is termed __________.
epilepsy
A diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile period is called _________.
alzheimer’s disease
A progressive degenerative disease characterized by involuntary tremors of the extremities that disappear with voluntary movement is named ___________.
Parkinson’s disease
Sinus radiographs should be taken using a _______ beam and with the patient in the ________ position.
horizontal, erect
The pathologic condition that refers to dilation of the ventricular system and is usually associated with increased intracranial pressure is ________.
hydrocephalus
If a patient needing facial or sinus radiographs is unable to stand or sit erect, a(n) ________ using a(n) ________ beam may be performed to demonstrate any air-fluid levels that may be present.
cross-table lateral, horizontal
What organ in the body is responsible for the release of insulin?
*pancreas
What organ in the body is responsible for the release of glucagon?
*pancreas
The ____ glands secrete several types of steroid hormones and lie above each kidney.
*adrenal
What hormone has the ability to constrict some blood vessels while dilating others to shunt blood to active muscles where oxygen and nutrients are needed?
*epinephrine
What hormones are known as the fight-or-flight hormones?
*adrenaline, norepinephrine
Enlargement of the adrenal glands is best demonstrated by what diagnostic modality?
CT
What pathologic condition is characterized by obesity of the trunk of the body, a fat pad behind the shoulders, and a moon-shaped face?
*Cushing’s syndrome
One complication of Cushing’s syndrome that radiographers must be cautious of is _________.
spontaneous fractures
Excessive administration of ________ is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency.
steroids
The second most common malignancy in children is ________.
neuroblastoma
The ________ controls the hormone secretion of the pituitary gland.
hypothalamus
Enlargement of the hands, feet, and face is characteristic of what pathologic condition?
acromegaly
A peas-size gland suspended from the base of the brain, sometimes referred to as the master gland, is called the _________.
pituitary
What is the name for the butterfly-shaped gland located at the level of the larynx?
thyroid
Thyroid tissue is best demonstrated by what imaging modality?
radionuclide imaging
Insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormone can lead to what pathologic condition?
hypothyroidism
What is the name for an enlargement of the thyroid gland that does not result from an inflammatory or neoplastic process?
goiter
There is a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer in people who received _______.
neck irradation in childhood.
If beta cells in the islets of Langerhans fail to secrete insulin, what pathologic condition results?
diabetes
A diabetic patient who receives insulin before reporting to the radiology department for an upper GI study should be monitored by the radiographer for any signs of developing _________.
hypoglycemic shock
The most common complication and leading cause of death in diabetic patients is ________.
renal disease
