Nervous, Reproductive, Endocrine

Question 1

The imaging modality of choice to evaluate patients with suspected neurologic dysfunction caused by head trauma is _______.

Answer 1

CT

Question 2

Arterial bleeding sometimes associated with head trauma can cause ______ hematomas.

Answer 2

epidural

Question 3

venous bleeding sometimes associated with head trauma can cause _______ hematomas.

Answer 3

subdural

Question 4

Movement of the brain within the calvaria following blunt trauma to the skull sometimes results in a cerebral ______.

Answer 4

contusion

Question 5

Bleeding into the ventricular system caused by injury to surface veins, cerebral parenchyma, or cortical arteries can cause _______ hemorrhage.

Answer 5

subarachnoid

Question 6

Plain radiographs of the facial bones should always be made with the patient in the ________ position if possible.

Answer 6

erect

Question 7

The most common primary brain tumor is a _________.

Answer 7

alioma

Question 8

A benign tumor that arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura is called a ________.

Answer 8

meningioma

Question 9

The most common neoplasms that metastasize to the brain arise in the _________ and ________.

Answer 9

lung, breast

Question 10

A viral inflammation of the brain and meninges is called_________.

Answer 10

encephalitis

Question 11

The best imaging modality to evaluate brain abscesses is _________.

Answer 11

CT

Question 12

The two imaging procedures of choice to evaluate the extent of a stroke in the brain are____________ and _________.

Answer 12

CT, MRI

Question 13

The acronym TIA stands for:

Answer 13

transient ischemic attack

Question 14

The imaging modality of choice to demonstrate the plaques of demyelination that are characteristic of multiple sclerosis is ____________.

Answer 14

MRI

Question 15

A condition in which brain impulses are temporarily disturbed, the results of which rage from loss of consciousness to violent seizures, is termed __________.

Answer 15

epilepsy

Question 16

A diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile period is called _________.

Answer 16

alzheimer’s disease

Question 17

A progressive degenerative disease characterized by involuntary tremors of the extremities that disappear with voluntary movement is named ___________.

Answer 17

Parkinson’s disease

Question 18

Sinus radiographs should be taken using a _______ beam and with the patient in the ________ position.

Answer 18

horizontal, erect

Question 19

The pathologic condition that refers to dilation of the ventricular system and is usually associated with increased intracranial pressure is ________.

Answer 19

hydrocephalus

Question 20

If a patient needing facial or sinus radiographs is unable to stand or sit erect, a(n) ________ using a(n) ________ beam may be performed to demonstrate any air-fluid levels that may be present.

Answer 20

cross-table lateral, horizontal

Question 21

What organ in the body is responsible for the release of insulin?

Answer 21

*pancreas

Question 22

What organ in the body is responsible for the release of glucagon?

Answer 22

*pancreas

Question 23

The ____ glands secrete several types of steroid hormones and lie above each kidney.

Answer 23

*adrenal

Question 24

What hormone has the ability to constrict some blood vessels while dilating others to shunt blood to active muscles where oxygen and nutrients are needed?

Answer 24

*epinephrine

Question 25

What hormones are known as the fight-or-flight hormones?

Answer 25

*adrenaline, norepinephrine

Question 26

Enlargement of the adrenal glands is best demonstrated by what diagnostic modality?

Answer 26

CT

Question 27

What pathologic condition is characterized by obesity of the trunk of the body, a fat pad behind the shoulders, and a moon-shaped face?

Answer 27

*Cushing’s syndrome

Question 28

One complication of Cushing’s syndrome that radiographers must be cautious of is _________.

Answer 28

spontaneous fractures

Question 29

Excessive administration of ________ is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency.

Answer 29

steroids

Question 30

The second most common malignancy in children is ________.

Answer 30

neuroblastoma

Question 31

The ________ controls the hormone secretion of the pituitary gland.

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

Enlargement of the hands, feet, and face is characteristic of what pathologic condition?

Answer 32

acromegaly

Question 33

A peas-size gland suspended from the base of the brain, sometimes referred to as the master gland, is called the _________.

Answer 33

pituitary

Question 34

What is the name for the butterfly-shaped gland located at the level of the larynx?

Answer 34

thyroid

Question 35

Thyroid tissue is best demonstrated by what imaging modality?

Answer 35

radionuclide imaging

Question 36

Insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormone can lead to what pathologic condition?

Answer 36

hypothyroidism

Question 37

What is the name for an enlargement of the thyroid gland that does not result from an inflammatory or neoplastic process?

Answer 37

goiter

Question 38

There is a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer in people who received _______.

Answer 38

neck irradation in childhood.

Question 39

If beta cells in the islets of Langerhans fail to secrete insulin, what pathologic condition results?

Answer 39

diabetes

Question 40

A diabetic patient who receives insulin before reporting to the radiology department for an upper GI study should be monitored by the radiographer for any signs of developing _________.

Answer 40

hypoglycemic shock

Question 41

The most common complication and leading cause of death in diabetic patients is ________.

Answer 41

renal disease