Respiratory regulation of acid-base balance. Renal control of acid-base balance. Acid-base disorders Flashcards

2
Q

acid-base balance - definition

A

pH remains in range of 7.36-7.44 for stable internal environment for homeostasis to prevent acidosis/ alkolosis

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3
Q

acids

A

release H+ into solution
for example - carbonic acid dissociates into h+ and bicarbonate ions

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4
Q

bases

A

substances that accept h+ and release OH- into solutions

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5
Q

pH

A

measures concentration of H+ in solution
pH neutral = 7
pH = -log(H+)

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6
Q

buffers - definition

A

substances that help maintain a stable pH by accepting/ releasing H+ in response to changes in pH
needed to regulate pH in blood

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7
Q

mechanism

A

bicarbonate buffer system
= primary buffer system in ECF, to maintain pH of blood

when blood pH is too low
- H++HCO3- to form H2CO3 to be converted in CO2 to be exhaled into lungs

when blood pH is too high
-H2​CO3​⇌H++HCO3− so H+ increases acidity

regulated by lungs/ kidney

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8
Q

peripheral chemoreceptor reflex

A

located on carotid body + aortic body
detect changes in o2/co2/ph

oxygen too low = more breathing = more oxygen in

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9
Q

central chemoreceptor reflex

A

located in medulla oblongata of brainstem
detect changes in co2/ ph of csf

too much co2 = more respiration = more co2 out

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10
Q

timing

A

rapid, within minutes of respiratory disturbance
full compensation takes hours

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11
Q

renal control of acid-base balance - 1

A

H+ secreted PCT/ DCT/ CD
HCO3- reabsorbed PCT/ loop of henle/ CD

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12
Q

renal control of acid-base balance - 2

A

kidneys filter out h+ out of blood in PCT/ DCT/ CD

removing excess h+ from the blood, reducing blood acidity

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13
Q

renal control of acid-base balance - 3

A

NH3 released from kidneys
NH3 + H+ -> NH4+ to reduce acidity

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14
Q

acid-base disorder 1

A

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
cause
- more co2/ h+
- COPD
- hypoventilation

compensation
- h+ secretion
- hco3- reabsorption

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15
Q

acid-base disorder 2

A

RESPIRATORY ALKOLOSIS
cause = hyperventilation / anxiety/ pain

compensation
- less h+ secretion
- less hco3- reabsorption

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16
Q

acid-base disorder 3

A

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
cause = DKA/ lactic acidosis / diarrhea

compensation
- more ventilation to remove co2

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17
Q

acid-base disorder 4

A

cause
- vomitting
- diuretics
- hypo aldosterone ism

compensation
- less ventilation to retain co2