Respiratory Physiology - Control of Respiration

Question 1

What is the primary respiratory control center?

Answer 1

Medullary Center

Question 2

What 2 neuronal clusters are found in the medullary center?

Answer 2

1. Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

2. Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

Question 3

The upper head of the VRG contains what?

Answer 3

Pre-Botzinger Complex

Question 4

What is the driving center of respiration?

Answer 4

The pre-botzinger complex

Question 5

The Pontine center contains what 2 centers?

Answer 5

Pneumotaxic Center and Apneustic Center

Question 6

What are the functions of the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers?

Answer 6

influences the output from the medullary respiratory center

Question 7

What is the location of the central chemoreceptors?

Answer 7

Ventral surface of brainstem

Question 8

What are the 2 (direct/indirect) things the central chemoreceptors are sensitive to?

Answer 8

direct: pH of CSF (H+)
indirect: CO2 in plasma

Question 9

Central chemoreceptors increases respiratory rate as a result of ____?

Answer 9

Hypercapnia

Question 10

Where can the peripheral chemoreceptors be found?

Answer 10

Aortic Arch and Carotid Body

Question 11

What 3 things are peripheral chemoreceptors sensitive to?

Answer 11

O2, CO2 and H+ (pH)

Question 12

Peripheral chemoreceptors increase respiratory rate in response to what 3 situations?

Answer 12

Hypercapnia
Hypoxia
Acidosis

Question 13

Peripheral chemoreceptors are only stimulated when PO2 falls below what?

Answer 13

60mmHg

Question 14

Lack of oxygen does what to the central chemoreceptors and respiratory center?

Answer 14

Turns them off.

Literally depresses them and they won’t work

Question 15

Increased PCO2 in the arterial blood _____ stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors.

Answer 15

weakly

Question 16

Increased PCO2 in the arterial blood _____ stimulates the central chemoreceptors and causes ______.

Answer 16

strongly, ventilation

Question 17

How does increased CO2 effect the central chemoreceptors?

Answer 17

CO2 increases H+ concentration in the ECF

Question 18

Increased H+ in the arterial blood _____ the peripheral chemoreceptors. What is this important in?

Answer 18

stimulates

acid-base balance

Question 19

Increased H+ in the arterial blood _____ the central chemoreceptors. Why?

Answer 19

does not effect.

cannot penetrate BBB

Question 20

Respiratory drive in a COPD patient is mostly from an ______ environment

Answer 20

Hypoxic

Question 21

T or F: Arterial H+ increases during untreated diabetes and stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 21

True

Ketoacids are abnormally produced and added to the blood

Question 22

Term: decreased amount of arterial H+ concentration and decreases ventilation

Answer 22

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 23

Term: increased amount of H+ concentration and increases ventilation

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis