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IOS 2 > Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The nostrils have what type of epithelium?

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium

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2
Q

The vestibule has what type of epithelium?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

The vestibule contains little hairs called vibrissae. What is their function?

A

Filters the air before it enters the lungs (ex. dust)

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is the vestibule lined with posteriorly?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epithelium with goblet cells

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5
Q

The respiratory segment of the Nasal Cavity has what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

The medial wall of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity is what?

A

Smooth Nasal Septum

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7
Q

The lateral walls of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity is what?

A

Turbinates/Conchae

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8
Q

What are the 2 functions of the turbinates/conchae?

A
  1. increases surface area

2. cause turbulence in airflow

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9
Q

The lamina propria of the respiratory segment is subepithelial connective tissue that contains what?

A
  1. Rich vascular network to warm inspired air
  2. Blood Vessels to show inflammatory response
  3. Increased permeability
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10
Q

The seromucous glands in the respiratory segment maintain what?

A

a moist surface

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11
Q

The lymphoid elements in the respiratory segment protect against what?

A

Inhaled pathogens

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12
Q

The olfactory segment of the nasal cavity contains what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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13
Q

What are the main sensory neurons in the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity? How far do they stretch?

A

Bipolar Neurons

Span the thickness of epithelium

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14
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium located?

A

in the roof of the nasal cavity, on either side of the nasal septum and on the superior conchae

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15
Q

Basal portion of the bipolar cell gives rise to an axon which joins other axons to form the ____?

A

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

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16
Q

This gland that secretes a watery, protein-rich material onto the olfactory surface, traps odoriferous substances & also washes mucosa so new scents can be detected.

A

Olfactory gland

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17
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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18
Q

The wall of the larynx is composed of what 2 irregular shaped plates of cartilage?

A

Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the vocal cords of the larynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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20
Q

What type of epithelium is found posteriorly to the vocal cords of the larynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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21
Q

The trachea is a fibromuscular tube containing __-shaped hyaline cartilage

A

C-shaped

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22
Q

This portion of the trachea spans the open ends of the c-shaped hyaline cartilage and consist of what type of muscle?

A

Trachealis, smooth muscle

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23
Q

What type of connective tissue is found between adjacent C-rings? what’s the function?

A

Dense fibroelastic connective tissue

Permits elongation of trachea during inhalation

24
Q

What is the epithelium found in the mucosa of the trachea? What’s the function?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Moves inhaled particles trapped in mucous towards oropharynx

25
Q

What forms the outer layer of the trachea and binds it to adjacent structures in the neck and mediastinum?

A

Adventitia

26
Q

Which bronchus is higher and wider?

A

Right

27
Q

Intrapulmonary Bronchi are found within the lungs. They contain irregular cartilage plates in their walls to proved what type of support?

A

Mechanical Support

28
Q

The intrapulmonary contain what type of muscle bundles?

A

Spiraling smooth muscle bundles

29
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the intrapulmonary bronchi?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

30
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the large diameter bronchioles?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

31
Q

Does the larger diameter bronchioles contain cartilage and glands? Goblet cells?

A

No. neither

Yes, goblet cells

32
Q

The large diameter bronchioles contain _____ muscle and scattered _____ fibers instead of cartilage in their walls.

A

smooth muscle, scattered elastic fibers

33
Q

What is the most distal part of the conducting portion?

A

Terminal bronchioles

34
Q

What is the diameter of the terminal bronchioles?

A

less than 0.5mm

35
Q

What type of epithelium is found in terminal bronchioles?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

What type of non-ciliated cells are found in terminal bronchioles?

A

Clara cells (aka club cells)

37
Q

What is the function of clara cells?

A

produce surfactant proteins

regulate transport of chloride ions

38
Q

Do the terminal bronchioles contain goblet cells?

A

no

39
Q

T or F: Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers are present in terminal bronchioles?

A

True

40
Q

Respiratory bronchioles contain what type of epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal

41
Q

What 3 cells can we find in the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Clara (club) cells
Ciliated Cells
Alveoli

42
Q

Each respiratory branch has ___ alveolar ducts and ______ alveoli in an adult human lung.

A

100 alveolar ducts

2000 alveoli

43
Q

What is the size of alveoli? and how many are there per lung?

A

0.2mm in diameter

250 million alveolar

44
Q

The opening of alveoli are controlled by ?

A

elastic fibers

45
Q

Non-dividing, terminally differentiated… Simple Squamous Epithelium is what type of alveolus?

A

Type I pneumocytes

46
Q

Secretes Pulmonary Surfactant and has cuboidal epithelium is what type of alveolus?

A

Type II pneumocytes

47
Q

The alveolar septum contributes to what barrier?

A

Air-blood barrier

48
Q

What are the 4 components of the air-blood barrier

A
  1. alveolar epithelial cells & its BL
  2. Capillary endothelial Cells & BL
  3. Connective Tissue
  4. Openings in interalveolar septa
49
Q

Alveolar macrophages are also called what?

A

Dust cells

50
Q

What s the function of alveolar macrophages?

A

Removes inhaled dust, bacteria & particulates

51
Q

What is the dual blood supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Circulation & Bronchial Circulation

52
Q

What artery is involved in pulmonary Circulation? Where does it come from?

A

Pulmonary Artery - right ventricle to lung

53
Q

What artery is involved in bronchial circulation? where does it go?

A

Bronchial Artery - takes systemic arterial blood to bronchial tree

54
Q

What are the 3 physical defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?

A
  1. filtering system - vibrissae
  2. Reflexes - sneezing
  3. Mucociliary Clearance
55
Q

What are the 3 cellular defense mechanism of the respiratory system?

A
  1. alveolar macrophages (phagocytes)
  2. BALT
  3. B-cells produce IgA

IOS 2 (6 decks)

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