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Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The nostrils have what type of epithelium?

A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium

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2
Q

The vestibule has what type of epithelium?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

The vestibule contains little hairs called vibrissae. What is their function?

A

Filters the air before it enters the lungs (ex. dust)

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is the vestibule lined with posteriorly?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Epithelium with goblet cells

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5
Q

The respiratory segment of the Nasal Cavity has what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

The medial wall of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity is what?

A

Smooth Nasal Septum

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7
Q

The lateral walls of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity is what?

A

Turbinates/Conchae

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8
Q

What are the 2 functions of the turbinates/conchae?

A
  1. increases surface area

2. cause turbulence in airflow

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9
Q

The lamina propria of the respiratory segment is subepithelial connective tissue that contains what?

A
  1. Rich vascular network to warm inspired air
  2. Blood Vessels to show inflammatory response
  3. Increased permeability
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10
Q

The seromucous glands in the respiratory segment maintain what?

A

a moist surface

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11
Q

The lymphoid elements in the respiratory segment protect against what?

A

Inhaled pathogens

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12
Q

The olfactory segment of the nasal cavity contains what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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13
Q

What are the main sensory neurons in the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity? How far do they stretch?

A

Bipolar Neurons

Span the thickness of epithelium

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14
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium located?

A

in the roof of the nasal cavity, on either side of the nasal septum and on the superior conchae

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15
Q

Basal portion of the bipolar cell gives rise to an axon which joins other axons to form the ____?

A

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

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16
Q

This gland that secretes a watery, protein-rich material onto the olfactory surface, traps odoriferous substances & also washes mucosa so new scents can be detected.

A

Olfactory gland

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17
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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18
Q

The wall of the larynx is composed of what 2 irregular shaped plates of cartilage?

A

Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the vocal cords of the larynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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20
Q

What type of epithelium is found posteriorly to the vocal cords of the larynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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21
Q

The trachea is a fibromuscular tube containing __-shaped hyaline cartilage

A

C-shaped

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22
Q

This portion of the trachea spans the open ends of the c-shaped hyaline cartilage and consist of what type of muscle?

A

Trachealis, smooth muscle

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23
Q

What type of connective tissue is found between adjacent C-rings? what’s the function?

A

Dense fibroelastic connective tissue

Permits elongation of trachea during inhalation

24
Q

What is the epithelium found in the mucosa of the trachea? What’s the function?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Moves inhaled particles trapped in mucous towards oropharynx

25
What forms the outer layer of the trachea and binds it to adjacent structures in the neck and mediastinum?
Adventitia
26
Which bronchus is higher and wider?
Right
27
Intrapulmonary Bronchi are found within the lungs. They contain irregular cartilage plates in their walls to proved what type of support?
Mechanical Support
28
The intrapulmonary contain what type of muscle bundles?
Spiraling smooth muscle bundles
29
What type of epithelium is found in the intrapulmonary bronchi?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
30
What type of epithelium is found in the large diameter bronchioles?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
31
Does the larger diameter bronchioles contain cartilage and glands? Goblet cells?
No. neither Yes, goblet cells
32
The large diameter bronchioles contain _____ muscle and scattered _____ fibers instead of cartilage in their walls.
smooth muscle, scattered elastic fibers
33
What is the most distal part of the conducting portion?
Terminal bronchioles
34
What is the diameter of the terminal bronchioles?
less than 0.5mm
35
What type of epithelium is found in terminal bronchioles?
simple cuboidal epithelium
36
What type of non-ciliated cells are found in terminal bronchioles?
Clara cells (aka club cells)
37
What is the function of clara cells?
produce surfactant proteins regulate transport of chloride ions
38
Do the terminal bronchioles contain goblet cells?
no
39
T or F: Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers are present in terminal bronchioles?
True
40
Respiratory bronchioles contain what type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal
41
What 3 cells can we find in the respiratory bronchioles?
Clara (club) cells Ciliated Cells Alveoli
42
Each respiratory branch has ___ alveolar ducts and ______ alveoli in an adult human lung.
100 alveolar ducts | 2000 alveoli
43
What is the size of alveoli? and how many are there per lung?
0.2mm in diameter 250 million alveolar
44
The opening of alveoli are controlled by ?
elastic fibers
45
Non-dividing, terminally differentiated... Simple Squamous Epithelium is what type of alveolus?
Type I pneumocytes
46
Secretes Pulmonary Surfactant and has cuboidal epithelium is what type of alveolus?
Type II pneumocytes
47
The alveolar septum contributes to what barrier?
Air-blood barrier
48
What are the 4 components of the air-blood barrier
1. alveolar epithelial cells & its BL 2. Capillary endothelial Cells & BL 3. Connective Tissue 4. Openings in interalveolar septa
49
Alveolar macrophages are also called what?
Dust cells
50
What s the function of alveolar macrophages?
Removes inhaled dust, bacteria & particulates
51
What is the dual blood supply to the lungs?
Pulmonary Circulation & Bronchial Circulation
52
What artery is involved in pulmonary Circulation? Where does it come from?
Pulmonary Artery - right ventricle to lung
53
What artery is involved in bronchial circulation? where does it go?
Bronchial Artery - takes systemic arterial blood to bronchial tree
54
What are the 3 physical defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?
1. filtering system - vibrissae 2. Reflexes - sneezing 3. Mucociliary Clearance
55
What are the 3 cellular defense mechanism of the respiratory system?
1. alveolar macrophages (phagocytes) 2. BALT 3. B-cells produce IgA

IOS 2 (6 decks)

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