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IOS 2 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many semicircular cartilaginous rings are in the trachea? How many are above the supersternal notch?

A

16 rings

8 above supersternal notch

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2
Q

At __ the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi.

A

T5

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3
Q

The left pulmonary travels under what structure to get to the left lung?

A

Aortic Arch

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4
Q

There is 1 lobar bronchus for each lobe of the lung. How many lobes are in the right and left lung?

A

Right lung = 3

Left lung =2

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5
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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6
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is where we leave the neck and enter the what?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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7
Q

What is the anterolateral and posterior boundary of the thoracic cavity

A

Ribs

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8
Q

What are the 4 parietal pleural of the lungs?

A

Cervical
Costal
Diaphramatic
Mediastinal

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9
Q

Where is the cervical pleura located?

A

Found in the neck

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10
Q

Where is the Costal Pleura Located? What type of nerves are present in this area?

A

Next to the ribs

contain intercostal nerves

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11
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic pleura located?

A

Next to the diaphragm.

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12
Q

What are the 2 areas of the diaphragmatic pleura?

A

Central Diaphragmatic Pleura

Peripheral Diaphragmatic Pleura

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13
Q

The central diaphragmatic pleura contains what nerve?

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3,4,5)

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14
Q

The peripheral diaphragmatic pleura contains what nerves?

A

Intercostal nerves

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15
Q

The mediastinal pleura is located where? What nerve is associated with this area?

A

Next to the mediastinum

Phrenic Nerve (C3, 4, 5)

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16
Q

What are the two coverings of the pleura?

A

Parietal (next to the body wall)

Visceral (attached to the lung via the viscus)

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17
Q

What is found between the parietal and visceral coverings?

A

pleural space

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18
Q

If a patient has lung disease and complains about shoulder pain, what nerves are involved?

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3,4,5) and Supraclavicular nerves (C3,4)

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19
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

The upper skin of the shoulder

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20
Q

Irritation to the mediastinal/central diaphragmatic pleura can result in _____?

A

referred pain to the shoulder

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21
Q

If a patient has lung disease and complains about thoracic/abdominal pain what nerve is involved?

A

Intercostal nerves

22
Q

At what cord levels are the intercostal nerves found?

A

T1-11 and 12(subcostal)

23
Q

What 3 areas do the intercostal nerves innervaate?

A
  1. Peripheral diaphragmatic Pleura
  2. Costal Pleura
  3. Skin of thoracic and abdominal walls
24
Q

What is a pancoast tumor? Where is it located?

A

Tumor of the apex of the lung

Mostly in the left lung

25
What are the 5 structures compressed in a pancoast tumor?
1. Subclavian Artery 2. Subclavian Vein 3. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve 4. Phrenic Nerve 5. Sympathetic Trunk
26
The subclavian artery comes off the aortic arch and supplies what?
Upper extremities
27
A compressed subclavian artery can result in what?
loss of radial pulse in the thumb
28
A compressed subclavian vein restricts blood getting back to the heart and can result in what?
results in edema/swelling of upper extremities
29
Where is the recurrent laryngeal nerve located?
Between the trachea and esophagus to get to the larynx
30
A compressed recurrent laryngeal nerve results in what?
hoarseness restricted speech if both nerves are compressed
31
The phrenic nerve is the major muscle of ______.
breathing
32
A compressed phrenic nerve will result in what?
Hiccups
33
A compressed sympathetic trunk will result in what?
Horner's Syndrome
34
A pancoast tumor compressing the preganglionics will result in what 4 issues?
1. miosis (small pupil) 2. Lid ptosis 3. anyhydrosis 4. Warm, red face
35
What area of the lung is where structures comprising the root enter and leave?
Hilum of the lung
36
What 6 structures comprise the root of the lung?
1. Left and Right Bronchi 2. Pulmonary Arteries 3. Bronchial Veins 4. Bronchial Arteries 5. Nerves 6. Lymphatics
37
The right and left bronchial veins drain to where?
The Azygos System
38
The arch of azygos drains to what 2 areas?
Superior Vena Cava in Superior mediastinum or Vertebral Venous Plexus
39
The vertebral venous plexus drains where?
to Dural Venous sinus in cranial cavity
40
Hematogenous spread of disease is when what occurs?
When disease is spread through the blood
41
How can disease in the lungs spread to the systemic circulation via hematogenous spread?
Lungs > Azygos System > SVC > Heart > Systemic Circulation
42
What are the 4 classic signs of a pancoast tumor?
1. Arm Pain 2. Small Ptosis 3. Miosis 4. Horner's Syndrome
43
What are the 3 lymph nodes of the lungs?
1. Pulmonary Lymph Nodes 2. Hilar Lymph Nodes 3. Tracheo-bronchial nodes
44
Where are the pulmonary lymph nodes found?
Peribronchial (around the bronchi)
45
Where are the hilar lymph nodes found?
In the hilium of the lung
46
Where are tracheo-bronchial nodes found?
At the bifurcation of the trachea into the bronchi
47
The left bronchomediastinal trunk drains lymph to where?
thoracic duct
48
The right bronchomediastinal trunk drains lymph to where?
right lymphatic duct
49
The thoracic and right lymphatic duct drain to the junction of the ______ and ______ on their respective side.
internal jugular vein | subclavian vein
50
Systemic disease most often spreads to what part of the uvea?
Choroid
51
When choroid and retinal are involved in disease it is called what?
Chorioretinitis

IOS 2 (6 decks)

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