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IOS 2 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many semicircular cartilaginous rings are in the trachea? How many are above the supersternal notch?

A

16 rings

8 above supersternal notch

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2
Q

At __ the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi.

A

T5

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3
Q

The left pulmonary travels under what structure to get to the left lung?

A

Aortic Arch

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4
Q

There is 1 lobar bronchus for each lobe of the lung. How many lobes are in the right and left lung?

A

Right lung = 3

Left lung =2

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5
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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6
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is where we leave the neck and enter the what?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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7
Q

What is the anterolateral and posterior boundary of the thoracic cavity

A

Ribs

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8
Q

What are the 4 parietal pleural of the lungs?

A

Cervical
Costal
Diaphramatic
Mediastinal

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9
Q

Where is the cervical pleura located?

A

Found in the neck

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10
Q

Where is the Costal Pleura Located? What type of nerves are present in this area?

A

Next to the ribs

contain intercostal nerves

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11
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic pleura located?

A

Next to the diaphragm.

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12
Q

What are the 2 areas of the diaphragmatic pleura?

A

Central Diaphragmatic Pleura

Peripheral Diaphragmatic Pleura

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13
Q

The central diaphragmatic pleura contains what nerve?

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3,4,5)

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14
Q

The peripheral diaphragmatic pleura contains what nerves?

A

Intercostal nerves

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15
Q

The mediastinal pleura is located where? What nerve is associated with this area?

A

Next to the mediastinum

Phrenic Nerve (C3, 4, 5)

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16
Q

What are the two coverings of the pleura?

A

Parietal (next to the body wall)

Visceral (attached to the lung via the viscus)

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17
Q

What is found between the parietal and visceral coverings?

A

pleural space

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18
Q

If a patient has lung disease and complains about shoulder pain, what nerves are involved?

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3,4,5) and Supraclavicular nerves (C3,4)

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19
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

The upper skin of the shoulder

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20
Q

Irritation to the mediastinal/central diaphragmatic pleura can result in _____?

A

referred pain to the shoulder

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21
Q

If a patient has lung disease and complains about thoracic/abdominal pain what nerve is involved?

A

Intercostal nerves

22
Q

At what cord levels are the intercostal nerves found?

A

T1-11 and 12(subcostal)

23
Q

What 3 areas do the intercostal nerves innervaate?

A
  1. Peripheral diaphragmatic Pleura
  2. Costal Pleura
  3. Skin of thoracic and abdominal walls
24
Q

What is a pancoast tumor? Where is it located?

A

Tumor of the apex of the lung

Mostly in the left lung

25
Q

What are the 5 structures compressed in a pancoast tumor?

A
  1. Subclavian Artery
  2. Subclavian Vein
  3. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
  4. Phrenic Nerve
  5. Sympathetic Trunk
26
Q

The subclavian artery comes off the aortic arch and supplies what?

A

Upper extremities

27
Q

A compressed subclavian artery can result in what?

A

loss of radial pulse in the thumb

28
Q

A compressed subclavian vein restricts blood getting back to the heart and can result in what?

A

results in edema/swelling of upper extremities

29
Q

Where is the recurrent laryngeal nerve located?

A

Between the trachea and esophagus to get to the larynx

30
Q

A compressed recurrent laryngeal nerve results in what?

A

hoarseness

restricted speech if both nerves are compressed

31
Q

The phrenic nerve is the major muscle of ______.

A

breathing

32
Q

A compressed phrenic nerve will result in what?

A

Hiccups

33
Q

A compressed sympathetic trunk will result in what?

A

Horner’s Syndrome

34
Q

A pancoast tumor compressing the preganglionics will result in what 4 issues?

A
  1. miosis (small pupil)
  2. Lid ptosis
  3. anyhydrosis
  4. Warm, red face
35
Q

What area of the lung is where structures comprising the root enter and leave?

A

Hilum of the lung

36
Q

What 6 structures comprise the root of the lung?

A
  1. Left and Right Bronchi
  2. Pulmonary Arteries
  3. Bronchial Veins
  4. Bronchial Arteries
  5. Nerves
  6. Lymphatics
37
Q

The right and left bronchial veins drain to where?

A

The Azygos System

38
Q

The arch of azygos drains to what 2 areas?

A

Superior Vena Cava in Superior mediastinum
or
Vertebral Venous Plexus

39
Q

The vertebral venous plexus drains where?

A

to Dural Venous sinus in cranial cavity

40
Q

Hematogenous spread of disease is when what occurs?

A

When disease is spread through the blood

41
Q

How can disease in the lungs spread to the systemic circulation via hematogenous spread?

A

Lungs > Azygos System > SVC > Heart > Systemic Circulation

42
Q

What are the 4 classic signs of a pancoast tumor?

A
  1. Arm Pain
  2. Small Ptosis
  3. Miosis
  4. Horner’s Syndrome
43
Q

What are the 3 lymph nodes of the lungs?

A
  1. Pulmonary Lymph Nodes
  2. Hilar Lymph Nodes
  3. Tracheo-bronchial nodes
44
Q

Where are the pulmonary lymph nodes found?

A

Peribronchial (around the bronchi)

45
Q

Where are the hilar lymph nodes found?

A

In the hilium of the lung

46
Q

Where are tracheo-bronchial nodes found?

A

At the bifurcation of the trachea into the bronchi

47
Q

The left bronchomediastinal trunk drains lymph to where?

A

thoracic duct

48
Q

The right bronchomediastinal trunk drains lymph to where?

A

right lymphatic duct

49
Q

The thoracic and right lymphatic duct drain to the junction of the ______ and ______ on their respective side.

A

internal jugular vein

subclavian vein

50
Q

Systemic disease most often spreads to what part of the uvea?

A

Choroid

51
Q

When choroid and retinal are involved in disease it is called what?

A

Chorioretinitis

IOS 2 (6 decks)

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