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cardiopulm final > respiratory physiology > Flashcards

respiratory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

which side of the bronchial tree is pathologies more common and why

A

r side bc more vertical and shorter

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2
Q

what is the first thing that must happen to meet body metabolic needs

A

air containing O2 must enter lungs and then transfer across eh alveolar capillary membrane

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3
Q

does O2 diffusion happen quicker than CO2 diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane and into the alveolar air space

A

no CO2 is 4x faster

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4
Q

what way does the diaphragm move for exhalation and inhalation

A

exhalation it goes up
inhalation it foes down

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5
Q

what is minute ventilation

A

amount for air that comes in and out for the lung in 1 min

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6
Q

why does RBCs must pass close to the alveolar capillary wall

A

for circulation and O2 doesn’t diffuse as well as CO2

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7
Q

surface tension of the lungs is lowered by what

A

surfactant

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8
Q

what is the Pressure in lung interstitium, outside airways,reflected as intrapleural pressure called

A

intraplueral pressure

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9
Q

when is intra alveolar pressure negative and positive

A

negative on inhalation
positive on exhalation

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10
Q

during inhalation there is a ___ intra thoracic pressure which helps small airways expand and remain open

A

negative

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11
Q

when are the breathing mm relaxed

A

during exhalation

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12
Q

exhalation causes ___ airway pressure gradient

A

positive

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13
Q

if the lungs are hypo-compliant what does that mean

A

it indicated a stiff lung , so restrictive lung disorder or fibrosis

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14
Q

what is elasticity complainant lung

A

lung is to stretched out , think obstructive lung disease

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15
Q

what is tidal volume

A

the amount of air that we can breath

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16
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that we can inhale about the tidal volume

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17
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

the amount for air we can exhale after a normal exhale

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18
Q

what is residual volume

A

the amount of air that is left in the lungs after there has been a maxed exhalation which keeps the lungs from collapsing

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19
Q

how is residual volume differ with patients with COPD and RLD

A

COPD patients will have an increased residual volume bc they lungs are hyper inflated and they have problems with exhalation
RLD will have decreased residual volume bc they are a decreased inhalation to begin with

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20
Q

what is inspiratory capacity

A

TV+IRV so basically the amount of air we can breath in with an inhalation

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21
Q

what is functional residual capacity

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume so basically after a normal exhalation it is the amount of air still left in your lungs

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22
Q

what is vital capacity

A

the amount of air we can forcefully inhale and exhale

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23
Q

what is total lung volume

A

the total amount of air that is in our lungs at full inhalation

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24
Q

how is total lung volume effected with patients with COPD and RLD

A

COPD it is increased and RLD it is decreased

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25
which static lung volumes and capacity its can not be determined with a basic spirometer
residual volume functional residual volume total lung capacity
26
what 3 things are decreased with restrictive lung condition
vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume and inspiratory capacity
27
what is forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)
the volume for air exhaled in 1 sec
28
what is the normal predicted for FEV1 and what is it based on
>80% age, gender, race and height
29
what is FEV1/ FVC
the amount of air exhaled in 1 second divided by the amount of air we can breath in and breath out passed our regular breaths
30
what is the normal percent of FEV1/FVC
> 70%
31
if FEV1/FVC is < 80% what disease can we say they have
obstructive disease
32
why is FEV1/FVC gonna be normal for restrictive patients
bc the amount of air they breath in is less but they amount of air they breath out is gonna be based on how much air they breath in .. they do not have a problem with exhalation like obstructive patients do
33
what does it mean if a lung has increased compliance
more easily stretched
34
what does it mean if a lung is decreased compliance
less easily to stretch
35
do restrictive lung patients have increased or decreased compliance
decreased
36
increased lung compliance will lead to what happening to functional residual capacity and residual volume
increased bc the lung is more easily stretched so the amount go air left in the lung will increase
37
increased lung compliance tends to ____ PaO2 and ____ paCO2
decrease increase
38
increased lung compliance leads to ___ intra thoracic pressure and ___ airway resistance on exhalation
decreased increased
39
will emphysema patients have increased or decreased lung compliance
increased
40
decreased lung compliance leads to ____ vital capacity and residual volume
decreased bc the amount of air we can breath in and out will be decreased bc lung will be hypo inflated
41
decreased lung compliance will leaded to ___ work of breathing and ___ intra thoracic pressure
increased 2x
42
if you have decreased lung volume you will have ___ lung compliance and ___ pressure
decreased increased
43
airway resistance progressively ___ with decreased lung volume
increased
44
low lung volume will lead to ___ resistance and high lung volume will lead to ___ resistance
high low
45
obstructive lung patients will have ___ lung volumes and ___ flow rate
high low
46
restrictive patients will have ___ lung volume but ___ flow rates
low normal/high
47
describe shunting
ventilation is less then perfusion , it usually occurs at lower part of lungs bc of gravity
48
describe dead space
ventilation is greater then perfusion , this is usually at the top of the lungs bc of gravity as well
49
what is the normal overall ventilation perfusion ration
.8
50
areas with higher relative ventilation will have ___ O2 and ___ Co2
high low
51
areas with higher relative perfusion will have ___ O2 and ___CO2
low and high
52
does the base of the lung have more ventilation or perfusion
perfusion
53
distribution of perfusion improves with ____
exercise
54
the ___ of the lungs contribute to the greatest quantity of O2 to the body due to large a amount of blood flow thru this region
base
55
your pateint has pneumonia , causing consolidation to the right lung why would side lying with the affected side up improve oxygenation
allow lung to expand and alos gravity will pull blood down
56
how thin is the alveolar capillary membrane
<1 micron
57
why is it beneficial for the alveolar capillary me membrane to be extremely thin
minimizes the distance that O2 needs to diffuse to enter the blood stream
58
the pulmonary capillary is about the diameter of the __ , which minimized the distance the O2 has to diffuse thru plasma to reach the RBC
erythrocyte
59
In a mixture of gases, each gas exerts a partial pressure equal to its proportionate representation in the mix. ◼ The sum of these partial pressures will equal the pressure of the whole gas. what law is this
daltons
60
what is the percent of O2 in the air
21
61
what are some disorders that primarily affect diffusion
bronchopulmonary dysplasia pulmonary edema/ pneumonia ARDS pulmonary hypertension
62
if a patient has a swan gaze cather in what does that usually mean
pulmonary hypertension
63
what are 4 factors that could shift the O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
cause Hgb to released O2 lowered pH increased CO2 increeeaed temp
64
all disorders that limit ___ will affect Hgb saturation of O2
diffusion
65
disorders that reduce alveolar ventilation are what
increased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2
66
normally raised levels of PaCO2 provide ___ stimulus for breathing
strongest increased ventilation
67
what is the number one reason from hypoxemia
ventilation/ perfusion Mismatch
68
hypoxemia has ___ PaO2
low
69
hypoventilation leads to ___ CO2 in the blood AKA,….
increased hypercapnia
70
hyperventilation leads to ___ PaCo2 in the blood aka…
low hypocapnia
71
what are 3 things that hypoventilation foes
elevates PaCO2 increased acidicity ‘ lowers pH
72
what are 3 things hyperventilation does
decreased PaCO2 reduces acid content raised pH
73
if kidneys increase excretions of HCO3 what does that do to the pH and what is it called
lowers pH metabolic acidosis
74
if kidneys decreased excretions of HCO3 what does that do to the pH and what is it called
raises Ph metabolic alkalosis

cardiopulm final (8 decks)

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