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cardiopulm final > respiratory physiology > Flashcards

respiratory physiology Flashcards

1
Q

which side of the bronchial tree is pathologies more common and why

A

r side bc more vertical and shorter

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2
Q

what is the first thing that must happen to meet body metabolic needs

A

air containing O2 must enter lungs and then transfer across eh alveolar capillary membrane

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3
Q

does O2 diffusion happen quicker than CO2 diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane and into the alveolar air space

A

no CO2 is 4x faster

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4
Q

what way does the diaphragm move for exhalation and inhalation

A

exhalation it goes up
inhalation it foes down

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5
Q

what is minute ventilation

A

amount for air that comes in and out for the lung in 1 min

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6
Q

why does RBCs must pass close to the alveolar capillary wall

A

for circulation and O2 doesn’t diffuse as well as CO2

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7
Q

surface tension of the lungs is lowered by what

A

surfactant

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8
Q

what is the Pressure in lung interstitium, outside airways,reflected as intrapleural pressure called

A

intraplueral pressure

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9
Q

when is intra alveolar pressure negative and positive

A

negative on inhalation
positive on exhalation

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10
Q

during inhalation there is a ___ intra thoracic pressure which helps small airways expand and remain open

A

negative

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11
Q

when are the breathing mm relaxed

A

during exhalation

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12
Q

exhalation causes ___ airway pressure gradient

A

positive

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13
Q

if the lungs are hypo-compliant what does that mean

A

it indicated a stiff lung , so restrictive lung disorder or fibrosis

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14
Q

what is elasticity complainant lung

A

lung is to stretched out , think obstructive lung disease

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15
Q

what is tidal volume

A

the amount of air that we can breath

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16
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume

A

amount of air that we can inhale about the tidal volume

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17
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

the amount for air we can exhale after a normal exhale

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18
Q

what is residual volume

A

the amount of air that is left in the lungs after there has been a maxed exhalation which keeps the lungs from collapsing

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19
Q

how is residual volume differ with patients with COPD and RLD

A

COPD patients will have an increased residual volume bc they lungs are hyper inflated and they have problems with exhalation
RLD will have decreased residual volume bc they are a decreased inhalation to begin with

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20
Q

what is inspiratory capacity

A

TV+IRV so basically the amount of air we can breath in with an inhalation

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21
Q

what is functional residual capacity

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume so basically after a normal exhalation it is the amount of air still left in your lungs

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22
Q

what is vital capacity

A

the amount of air we can forcefully inhale and exhale

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23
Q

what is total lung volume

A

the total amount of air that is in our lungs at full inhalation

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24
Q

how is total lung volume effected with patients with COPD and RLD

A

COPD it is increased and RLD it is decreased

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25
Q

which static lung volumes and capacity its can not be determined with a basic spirometer

A

residual volume
functional residual volume
total lung capacity

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26
Q

what 3 things are decreased with restrictive lung condition

A

vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume and inspiratory capacity

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27
Q

what is forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)

A

the volume for air exhaled in 1 sec

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28
Q

what is the normal predicted for FEV1 and what is it based on

A

> 80%
age, gender, race and height

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29
Q

what is FEV1/ FVC

A

the amount of air exhaled in 1 second divided by the amount of air we can breath in and breath out passed our regular breaths

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30
Q

what is the normal percent of FEV1/FVC

A

> 70%

31
Q

if FEV1/FVC is < 80% what disease can we say they have

A

obstructive disease

32
Q

why is FEV1/FVC gonna be normal for restrictive patients

A

bc the amount of air they breath in is less but they amount of air they breath out is gonna be based on how much air they breath in .. they do not have a problem with exhalation like obstructive patients do

33
Q

what does it mean if a lung has increased compliance

A

more easily stretched

34
Q

what does it mean if a lung is decreased compliance

A

less easily to stretch

35
Q

do restrictive lung patients have increased or decreased compliance

A

decreased

36
Q

increased lung compliance will lead to what happening to functional residual capacity and residual volume

A

increased bc the lung is more easily stretched so the amount go air left in the lung will increase

37
Q

increased lung compliance tends to ____ PaO2 and ____ paCO2

A

decrease
increase

38
Q

increased lung compliance leads to ___ intra thoracic pressure and ___ airway resistance on exhalation

A

decreased
increased

39
Q

will emphysema patients have increased or decreased lung compliance

A

increased

40
Q

decreased lung compliance leads to ____ vital capacity and residual volume

A

decreased bc the amount of air we can breath in and out will be decreased bc lung will be hypo inflated

41
Q

decreased lung compliance will leaded to ___ work of breathing and ___ intra thoracic pressure

A

increased 2x

42
Q

if you have decreased lung volume you will have ___ lung compliance and ___ pressure

A

decreased
increased

43
Q

airway resistance progressively ___ with decreased lung volume

A

increased

44
Q

low lung volume will lead to ___ resistance and high lung volume will lead to ___ resistance

A

high
low

45
Q

obstructive lung patients will have ___ lung volumes and ___ flow rate

A

high
low

46
Q

restrictive patients will have ___ lung volume but ___ flow rates

A

low
normal/high

47
Q

describe shunting

A

ventilation is less then perfusion , it usually occurs at lower part of lungs bc of gravity

48
Q

describe dead space

A

ventilation is greater then perfusion , this is usually at the top of the lungs bc of gravity as well

49
Q

what is the normal overall ventilation perfusion ration

A

.8

50
Q

areas with higher relative ventilation will have ___ O2 and ___ Co2

A

high
low

51
Q

areas with higher relative perfusion will have ___ O2 and ___CO2

A

low and high

52
Q

does the base of the lung have more ventilation or perfusion

A

perfusion

53
Q

distribution of perfusion improves with ____

A

exercise

54
Q

the ___ of the lungs contribute to the greatest quantity of O2 to the body due to large a amount of blood flow thru this region

A

base

55
Q

your pateint has pneumonia , causing consolidation to the right lung why would side lying with the affected side up improve oxygenation

A

allow lung to expand and alos gravity will pull blood down

56
Q

how thin is the alveolar capillary membrane

A

<1 micron

57
Q

why is it beneficial for the alveolar capillary me membrane to be extremely thin

A

minimizes the distance that O2 needs to diffuse to enter the blood stream

58
Q

the pulmonary capillary is about the diameter of the __ , which minimized the distance the O2 has to diffuse thru plasma to reach the RBC

A

erythrocyte

59
Q

In a mixture of gases, each gas exerts a
partial pressure equal to its proportionate
representation in the mix.
◼ The sum of these partial pressures will equal
the pressure of the whole gas.

what law is this

A

daltons

60
Q

what is the percent of O2 in the air

A

21

61
Q

what are some disorders that primarily affect diffusion

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia
pulmonary edema/ pneumonia
ARDS
pulmonary hypertension

62
Q

if a patient has a swan gaze cather in what does that usually mean

A

pulmonary hypertension

63
Q

what are 4 factors that could shift the O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right

A

cause Hgb to released O2
lowered pH
increased CO2
increeeaed temp

64
Q

all disorders that limit ___ will affect Hgb saturation of O2

A

diffusion

65
Q

disorders that reduce alveolar ventilation are what

A

increased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2

66
Q

normally raised levels of PaCO2 provide ___ stimulus for breathing

A

strongest
increased ventilation

67
Q

what is the number one reason from hypoxemia

A

ventilation/ perfusion Mismatch

68
Q

hypoxemia has ___ PaO2

A

low

69
Q

hypoventilation leads to ___ CO2 in the blood AKA,….

A

increased
hypercapnia

70
Q

hyperventilation leads to ___ PaCo2 in the blood aka…

A

low
hypocapnia

71
Q

what are 3 things that hypoventilation foes

A

elevates PaCO2
increased acidicity ‘
lowers pH

72
Q

what are 3 things hyperventilation does

A

decreased PaCO2
reduces acid content
raised pH

73
Q

if kidneys increase excretions of HCO3 what does that do to the pH and what is it called

A

lowers pH
metabolic acidosis

74
Q

if kidneys decreased excretions of HCO3 what does that do to the pH and what is it called

A

raises Ph
metabolic alkalosis

cardiopulm final (8 decks)

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