pulomonary medications Flashcards by sophia carrasco

what effects the bronchi and bronchioles

bronchcocontriciton

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what plays a major role in the pathophysiology of most obstructive respiratory disorders

bronchocontrition

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what is the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the smooth mm of brochi and bronchioles

bronchomotor tone q

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what are the 3 main causes of abnormal bronchomotor tone

inflammation
excessive PNS activity
reduces SNS activity

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bronchodilators act as ____ agents

sympathomimetics agents
(medications that mimic the SNS)

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what are sympathomimetics agents (bronchiodilators) used for

anaphylaxis and acute asthma

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what is used for lower respiratory disorders

sympathomimetics agents (bronchiodilators)

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what drug is used during acute phase of asthmatic attacks

sympathomimetics agents (bronchiodilators)

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what does sympathomimetics agents (bronchodilators) stimulate throughout the lungs

beta 2 adrenergic receptors

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what drug is a sympathomimetics agent that works in 3-5 mins and effects last for 4-6 hours and acts as a rescue inhaler

short acting beta 2 agonist (SABA)

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what sympathomimetics agents is given in emergent situation and what does it effect

epinephrine and affects all a drenergic receptors

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why is epinephrine given in emergency situation

to promote bronchodilation and increase BP

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what are some side effects of epinephrine (sympathomimetic agents)

tremors , dizziness , HTN , tachycardia , heart palapitation and angina

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if someone has bronchospasm due to COPD what drug are they given via aerosol or tablet

selective beta2 adenergic agonist

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what are 3 examples of selective beta 2 adrenergic agonist that are giving to patients with bronchospasm due to COPD

albuterol , salbutamol (SABA
formoterol (FABA)
salmeterol (FABA)

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what drug is given to a patients with bronchospasm due to COPD with the effects beginning within 2-20 min , works up to 12 hours , used to help COPD pateints slow and used for matienance therapy

long lasting beta 2 agonist

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what are some adverse reactions related to SABA

cough
tachycardia
muscle tremor
muscle contractions

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what stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptor vasoconstriction of capillaries w/in nasal mucosa
shrinking of the nasal mucus membranes & reduction in fluid secretion (runny nose)

decongestants

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decongestants can lead to __ in BP bc of vasoconstriction in the gut area

increase

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what are side effects of decongestants

dizziness
hypertension
headaches
nausea
nervousness
insomnia
cardiovascular irregularities

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what is used with anti inflammatories to treat acute moderate to severe asthma

parasympatholytics

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parasympatholytics meds facilitates ____

bronchodilation

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what affects the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

acteylocholine

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what are 2 muscarinic antagonist ?

ipratropium (atrovent) SAMA
tiotropium (spiriva) LAMA

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what does atropine do

promote bronchodilation and decreased mucus secretions

what is used for paralysis of the respiratory system due to poisoning

atropine

is atropine used for asthma

what are the 8 side effects of atropine

dry mouth headaches tachycardia blurred vison rash decreased GI activity dizziness confusion

what is an enzyme that reduces intracellular levels of cAMP

phosphodiesterase (PDE)

what promotes an increase in cAMP by blocking the breakdown of cAMP

methylxanthines

what is the precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine

cAMP

what are 2 examples of methylxanthines

theophylline aminophylline

what does phosphodiesterase inhibitors promote

bronchodilation and vasodilation of peripheral arterioles

what are the 3 things that Methylxanthines do

Promotes Prostaglandin inhibition • Enhances catecholamine production • Stimulates CNS and skeletal mm

what drug increase exercise tolerance via imporoved contractility and reduced fatigue of diaphragm

Methylxanthines

what is the main drug that reduces the fatigue of the diaphragm

Methylxanthines

what are some things you want to monitor for a patient taking Methylxanthines

HR CNS effects RR SpO2 ABGs

chest pain or discomfort dizziness fainting fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat increase in urine volume lightheadedness persistent vomiting pounding or rapid pulse seizures tremors’ these are all side effects of which drug

Methylxanthines

what drug is Not a “true” bronchodilator but can promote this secondarily as a inflammation is controlled

corticosteroids

corticosteroids ___ airflow

increase

what drug Reduces mucosal swelling, increased bronchial lumen size via:

corticosteroids

what are side effects of corticosteroids

• Water retention • Hyperglycemia • Osteoporosis • Increases susceptibility to infections • Muscle atrophy • Growth retardation - hypokalemia

what device does these things • Delivers specific amount of meds per short burst from device • Device has a meter valve to deliver precise dosage • Drug is in aerosol form that is inhaled by the patient:

Meter dosed inhaler (MDI):

what device Administers medication via a mist inhaled into the lungs

nebulizer

respiratory stimulants are drugs that ___ the activity of the CNSD respiratory centers

enhance

___ and___ stimulate respiratory centers which ___ ventilation

sympathomimetics and methylxanthines increase

what are drugs that’s specifically increase respiratory activity

analeptics (amphetamines)

what stimulates chemoreceptors in carotid arteries and cortical-spinal neurons:

dopram

can to much o2 be bad for the patient

yes

sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotic analgesics are examples of respiratory _____

depressants

pateints with a pulmonary disease should avoid respiraotry ___

depressants

what is used to control abnormal breathing patterns due to anxiety or agitation

respiratory depressants

* IV Morphine * Midazolam (Versed) * Propofol (Diprivan) * Diazepram (Valium) * Haloperidol (Haldol) these are examples of what meds

respiratory depressants

are DVTS more worse proximal or distal and why

proximal bc vessels are larger

proximal DVTs involve the popliteal , femoral , or iliac venous system are are commonly complicated by __ __

pulmonary embolism

should the therapist mobilize the patients with a DVT when the therapeutic threshold levels of the anticoagulants have been reached ?

yes

after a IVC filter placement should a PT mobilize their patient once they are hemodynamicaaly stable

yes

when a pateint with a LE DVT below the knee is not related with anitcoauflation and does not have an IVC filter and is prescribed out of bed mobility by the physician what should the therapist do

consult with the medical team regarding mobilizing , do not just keep the patient on bed rest

does the padua prediction score for DVT include active cancer

yes

is a patients has signs or symptoms of a LE DVT therapist should assess DVT likelihood using what

wells criteria for DVT

what are the classic signs and symptoms for DVT

localized pain, tenderness , swelling and discoloration other symptoms may include edema , fever , extermity warmth and pain

what is included in the wells DVT clinical decision criteria

active cancer swelling edema

what is the critieria for UE DVT

constans

when is a sonography used

if DVT UE is likely

what is the normla for D diner test

< 500 so if more then 500 bad

D-Dimer reflects the amount ofdegradation of a protein clot from three enzymes:

thrombin plasmin activated factor XIIII

what is normal time for PT: prothrombin time

11-13 seconds

if prothrombin time is > ___ then it is high risk for bleeding

what is used to monitor effectiveness of warfarin for blood thinning

international normalized ratio

if INR have low values then risk of clots … what are u looking at

prednisone barbiturates vitamin K

INR: higher values increased risk of bleeding:

• Antibiotics • Amiodarone • Steroids (depends on dose)

is a patient is taking Fondaparinux (anticoagulant) when si it safe to get them up?

> 3 hrs

is a patients is taking UFH (heparin) when can u walk them

> 48 hours

is a patient is taking the anticoagulant NOAC (non VKA oral anticoagulant) when can you mobilize them

> 3hours

if a patient is taking a DOAC (directing affectv anticoagulants) when can they mobilize

> 3 hours

if a patient is taking a LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) when can they mobilize

> 5 hours

will an Inferior vena cava filter work if a pateint has a UE DVT

what is used to diagnose pulmonary embolism

ventilation perfusion scan