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jvim 2018-2023 > Respiratory Papers > Flashcards

Respiratory Papers Flashcards

1
Q

What was the median amount of clotrimazole treatments needed for dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis without trephination?

A

2 treatments with topical clotrimazole cream

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2
Q

how many dogs had invasion of sinonasal aspergillosis into calvarium?

A

25% (3 out of 12 dogs)

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3
Q

What are the most common disease processes in westies with elevated bile acids on BAL?

A

78% pulmonary fibrosis
68% laryngeal dysfunction
62% chronic bronchitis
45% bacterial pneumonia
44% Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy

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4
Q

What disease in westies had significantly higher bile acids in BAL when compared to healthy beagles?

A

pulmonary fibrosis, healthy westies, laryngeal dysfunction, and chronic bronchitis

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5
Q

What perfect of of Irish Wolfhounds with previous bacterial pneumonia had elevated bile acids in BALs?

A

13%

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6
Q

How can heliox be used to change peak flow rates?

A

in brachycephalic dogs showed normalization of loops shapes, improves flow rate, and flow patterns

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7
Q

How does immunotherapy with toll-like receptor ligand complexes alter outcome for FHV-1 in kittens?

A

Decreases FHV-1 DNA, higher respiratory score at day 15-28 (more nasal discharge), less conjunctivitis when administered 24 hours prior to exposure to FHV-1

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8
Q

What are the effects of liposome-TLR complexes administered to mucosal membranes?

A

Recruitment of monocytes to nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa (aka activates innate immune responses)

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9
Q

What is the median age of onset of recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds? How many episodes of bacterial pneumonia were noted in these dogs?

A

5 yo (0.4-6.5 yo)
5 episodes (2-6)

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10
Q

What were predisposing factors for Irish Wolfhounds with recurrent bacterial pneumonia?

A

focal bronchiectasis (10/11-most common), unilateral and bilateral laryngeal paralysis, esophageal hypomotility
no evidence of local or systemic immunoglobulin or primary ciliary defects detected

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11
Q

What other processes are associated with lymphocytosis in BALs?

A

eosinophilic lung disease: 13/104 (12.5%)
airway neutrophilia with infectious/inflammatory: 59/104 (56%)

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12
Q

what disease process is most common in dogs with solitary BAL lymphocytosis?

A

airway collapse (unsure if caused lymphocytosis by or causes lymphocytosis)

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13
Q

What esophageal abnormalities are associated with brachycephalic dogs?

A

esophageal dysmotility, prolonged esophageal transit time, GER, and hiatal hernia

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14
Q

What % of dogs with esophageal dysmotility are brachycephalic? What are the most common findings?

A

77%
prolonged esophageal transit time, decreased propagation of secondary peristaltic waves, GER

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15
Q

what species of mycoplasma is associated with disease? which species are likely commensal?

A

M cynos=disease
M canis and M edwardii=commensal

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16
Q

What complications are seen with tracheal stents and what is the rate of each complication?

A

Stent fracture: 25%
Obstructive tissue ingrowth: 19%
Progressive tracheal collapse: 12%

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17
Q

What changes were associated with caudodorsal stent fracture?

A

Natural tracheal taper and stent diameter over sizing

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18
Q

What size tracheal stents fractured?

A

14 mm nominal diameter

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19
Q

What was progressive tracheal collapse association with?

A

smaller diameter tracheal diameters

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20
Q

What complications are most common in dogs with tracheal malformations with tracheal stents placed?

A

obstructive tissue ingrowth (70% of tissue ingrowth)
thoracic inlet stent fracture (100% of thoracic inlet stent fractures)

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21
Q

What clinical findings are associated with eosinophilic bronchitis compared to other eosinophilic lung diseases?

A

less likely to have bronchiectasis or peripheral eosinophilia, lower cell count and % of eosinophils in BAL fluid

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22
Q

How does age and duration of cough differ in types of eosinophilic lung disease?

A

no difference

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23
Q

What is the MST of dogs with intraluminal eosinophilic granuloma?

A

> 55 months

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24
Q

What clinical features are expected with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy?

A

yellow green mucus in airway, airway collapse, mucosal change, increased radiographic detection of bronchiectasis, higher cell counts, peripheral eosinophilia

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25
Q

How do cats with neutrophilic airway vs eosinophilic airway inflammation differ clinically?

A

Cough predominant signs in both groups
Eosinophilic inflammation younger than neutrophilic inflammation
No difference in radiographs or CBCs

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26
Q

Duration of aerosolized gentamicin treatment for clinical cure of bordetella and what type of aerosolized gentamicin was more effective?

A

clinical cure after 3-4 weeks, undiluted gentamicin=shorter median duration of treatment
Cure more likely if <1000 cells/uL on BAL

27
Q

IgE against what pathogen is more common in cats with airway eosinophilia

A

Dust mite

28
Q

How does IgE response differ in cats with airway eosinophilia compared to control cats?

A

cats with airway eosinophilia had more positive IgE responses but number of cats did not differ compared to control

29
Q

How do MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) differ in westies with pulmonary fibrosis vs healthy westies?

A

MMP-7 higher in serum
MMP-9 and MMP-2 higher in BAL
not prognostic factor

30
Q

How does 25OHD differ in shelter dogs with CIRDC vs healthy dogs?

A

25OHD lower in dogs with CIRDC compared to healthy dogs, no effect on shelter dog vs non shelter dog

31
Q

What clinical features are expected with cats with aspiration pneumonia compared to cats with bronchopneumonia or IAD

A

Less likely to have cough, more likely to be hypothermic, shorter median duration of signs, more likely to have alveolar pattern, less likely to have mycoplasma cultured from BAL fluid (no mycoplasma cultured)

32
Q

What form of tracheal wash is more likely to be cellular (endotracheal vs transtracheal), what method can be used to screen for cellularity?

A

Endotracheal more likely to be hypocellular, gross turbidity or mucus presence for screening
Presence of bacteria good predictor of growth

33
Q

how does Aerodawg differ from custom made mask?

A

no difference in lung depositino

34
Q

How does nebulization for 1 minute compared to 5 minutes?

A

lower pulmonary update but better pulmonary/extrapulmonary deposition

35
Q

How is left atrial enlargement associated with bronchial narrowing?

A

increases LA and VHS was inversely associated with bronchial diameter that was associated with coughing

36
Q

How is CRP associated with bordetella?

A

not a good marker of bordetella
yes associated with alveolar lesions

37
Q

what technique is useful for dogs with acute dyspnea? How did this impact outcome?

A

Prolonged slow expiration and assisted cough.
Mortality rate 13% compared to 44% in controls
Improves P/F ratio within 48 hours, decreased need for oxygen

38
Q

Most common clinical signs and signalment (age) of lobar emphysema?

A

59% dyspnea, 35% coughing
65% <3 yo

39
Q

Most common lung lobes affected by lobar emphysema and most common etiology?

A

right middle lung lobe (71%)
multiple lung lobes (41%)
Most common cause is congenital (82%)

40
Q

how does doxepin impact QoL in dogs with laryngeal paralysis?

A

No improvement in QoL (placebo had greater improvement on client assessment)

41
Q

What upper respiratory features have been noted in Norwich terriers? (NTUAS)

A

excessive supraglottal tissues, normal nares and palate, narrowing of laryngeal opening

42
Q

How does surgery impact QoL scores in Norwich terriers with NTUAS?

A

QoL worse in dog with surgery

43
Q

What markers (imaging and serum) of follow up for dogs with aspiration pneumonia are associated with improvement in clinical outcome?

A

Associated with improved outcome: CRP, shred sign
Not associated with improved outcome: CXR changes and B lines

44
Q

What percent of small breed dogs with preclinical MMVD have lower respiratory tract disease?

A

74.6%

45
Q

What percent of false positive for pulmonary edema on TFAST (when using B-lines as diagnosis) was present dogs with preclinical MMVD and lower respiratory tract disease?

A

15.8% false positive

46
Q

How does is thoracic imaging (US and CXR) associated with improvement of aspiration pneumonia?

A

CRP normalization occurs sooner than imaging resolution, does not add additional clinical information when clincial signs are taken into account

47
Q

How does cytidine diphosphocholine affect outcome in dogs with ARDS?

A

improves oxygenation based on pulse Ox and PaO2:FiO2 ratio
Associated with less platelet consumption in first 48 hours
No adverse effects

48
Q

What two positive acute phase proteins can be used to monitor aspiration pneumonia? How long did it take each marker to normalize?

A

CRP, SAA
CRP: 7 days
SAA: 7 days

49
Q

how is cfu/mL of BALs associated with clinical infection? How is TNCC implicated?

A

cfu/mL not predictive of antibiotic requirement
TNCC is not predictive of antibiotic requirement

50
Q

What disease processes would you expect salivary TBA and BAL TBA concentrations to be elevated in?

A

salivary TBA: higher in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and brachycephalic dogs compared to healthy dogs
BAL TBA: higher in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis dogs

51
Q

How do inhaled steroids impact dogs with IAD and airway collapse?

A

Improve quality of life with airway collapse and IAD, don’t necessarily need bronch if comorbidities
only 1 dog unable to accept medication

52
Q

How does sample storage temperature impact culture result of BALs?

A

Inappropriate storage or shipment temperature may result in overgrowth of E coli or B bronchiseptica

53
Q

how should BAL samples be stored without impact on culture results?

A

Samples can be stored at 4c (49f) for 24 hours

54
Q

What category of PH do canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis fall into?

A

group 1: pulmonary arterial hypertension

55
Q

What is the hallmark feature of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease?

A

occlusive remodeling of small and medium pulmonary veins, leads to upstream congestion of alveolar capillaries and pulmonary arterial remodeling

56
Q

What is pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis?

A

angioproliferative disorder characterized by proliferation of alveolar capillaries, may infiltrate into pulmonary veins and arteries as well as bronchioles.

57
Q

MST of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis?

A

3 days, 10/15 dogs died in 1 day

58
Q

Radiographic findings of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis?

A

right sided cardiomegaly, patchy or diffuse interstitial alveolar pattern

59
Q

Clinical presentation of anine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis?

A

older, no breed predilection, acute clinical signs (3 days, respiratory distress)

60
Q

GI signs noted in dogs with BOAS?

A

noted in 77%. esophageal deviation, atony of cardia of the stomach, distal esophagitis

61
Q

BOAS dogs with laryngeal collapse?

A

86.6%

62
Q

Association of BOAS with biochemical metabolic abnormalities?

A

no association with CRP, triglycerides, fructosamine, ect

63
Q
A

jvim 2018-2023 (9 decks)

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