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JVIM 2018-2023 > Immunology/hematology > Flashcards

Immunology/hematology Flashcards

1
Q

When assessing IL-2 and INF-gamma activity, what immunosuppressive in addition to cyclosporine alters expression?

A

prednisone

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2
Q

Most common AE with mycophenolate, what other AEs can be seem?

A

24.4% GI AEs
neutropenia
anemia
thrombocytopenia
dermatologic
no difference with sex, age, BW, or dosage

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3
Q

Days until improvement in cats treated with Solensia (Frunevetmab)

A

improtnacement at day 28 and 56

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4
Q

Positive acute phase proteins higher in dogs with sepsis?

A

SAA, CRP, and LDL
HDL not associated with CRP and negatively correlate with SAA

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5
Q

cut of for SAA that can be used to predict sepsis and sn and sp?

A

> 677.5
sn 43.2%
sp 92.3%

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6
Q

Benefit of splenectomy for ITP and IMHA?

A

Recommended for ITP, unclear for IMHA/CIST
6/7 ITP responded well, one developed IMHA
4 dogs with IMHA responded well
Evans (CIST)-1/3

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7
Q

In cocker spaniels with ITP, is there any known genetic association with SNPs?

A

no obvious association with outcome or responsiveness to glucocorticoid

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8
Q

When do alloantibodies form after blood transfusion in dogs? any clinical associations?

A

Alloantibodies detected as early as 1 day post transfusion
No associated with type of anemia, RBC storage time, immunosuppressive treatment, transfusion volume

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9
Q

When should crossmatching be performed?

A

As early as 1 day after transfusion and before every subsequent transfusion

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10
Q

How does number of immunosuppressive impact outcome of IMHA in dogs? Antithrombotic agents?

A

no effect on time to PCV stabilization, case fatality, duration of hospitalization
Higher rate of relapse with single agent
No difference in clopidogrel vs multiple agents on effect of development of thromboses

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11
Q

In healthy dogs, how do immunosuppressants for 1 week impact platelet function and coauglation?

A

no effect

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12
Q

What happens to coagulation status of dogs wtih ehlirhcia?

A

lower platelet counts
more activated platelets
Evidence of anti-platelets antibodies
on TEG: hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic
No overt signs of bleeding

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13
Q

How does tetrastarch impact coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs?

A

No impact on primary hemostasis
Similar transient dilutional coagulopathy similar to LRS

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14
Q

Why should all cats be crossmatched prior to first tranfusion?

A

Non AB antibodies
Febrile reactions more often if non crossmatched
HOWEVER no difference in survival at 30 or 60 days post transfusion if not crossmatched

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15
Q

How is hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia associated wtih anemia?

A

No effect on anemia, however anemic dogs had a high prevalence of B vitamin deficiency

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16
Q

What does cyroprecipitate contain?

A

Factor 1 (fibrinogen), 5, 8 vWF also XIII

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17
Q

How do greyhound’s coagulation factors differ? does this impact utility of greyhound FFP?

A

lower vWF and fibrinogen, still meets standards and does not need to be excluded for cryo production

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18
Q

How can rotational TEG be used to predict bleeding?

A

MCF can be used to evaluate effect of fibrinogen on hemostasis as an alternative measurement of fibronogen
CT (intem and extem) are strongly correlated with PT/PTT

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19
Q

How can VEGf and Ang-2 be used to predict survival in dogs with sepsis and SIRS?

A

Ang-2 higher in sepsis and SIRS, higher in non-survivors, can be used to predict outcome
VEGf higher in SIRS and sepsis, higher in non survivors, cannot predict outcome

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20
Q

how does in clinic cross matching compare to laboratory gel column testing?

A

good aggreement

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21
Q

What naturally occuring alloantibodies are expected in cats?

A

Type A cats: weak or no naturally occuring B antibodies
Type B cats: strong anti-A alloantibodies
AB cats: no naturally occuring antibodies

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22
Q

complication rate of TPE?

A

50%, hemostasis complications most common (hematuria or hematoma at catheter site)
no dogs had blood clots

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23
Q

what dose of mycophenolate is best tolerated in cats?

A

10 mg/kg PO q12h for 1 week (no GI AEs in these cats)
Higher doses cats had diarrhea and hyporexia

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24
Q

What coagulation abnormalities can be see in dogs with AKI?

A

type II vWB like phenotype
Higher platelet count

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25
Q

How long to antibodies against DEA 1 last in a dog?

A

16 days to 1657 days

26
Q

Phenotypes of feline lymphocytosis? most common?

A

B cell (non neoplastic)
Heterogenous (non neoplastic)
CD4+
CD4- CD8- (double negative)
CD5- (low expressive T cell)

27
Q

MST of neoplastic lymphocytosis in cats?

A

CD4+ 752 (lower if LN enlargement, intestinal involvement, or female)
Double negative 271 days
CD5- 27.5 days

28
Q

Negative prognostic indicator in ITP that can be noted on physical exam?

A

melena at presentation

29
Q

what % of dogs with non-ITP had positive anti-platelet antibodies? What percent of primary ITP had anti-platelet antibodies?

A

20% non ITP
100% of ITP

30
Q

How are anti-platelet antibodies associated with ITP relapse?

A

Persistent antibodies are not associated with response to treatment but recurrent antibodies reflect relapse

31
Q

Do dogs with PLN metabolize clopidogrel differently than dogs with healthy dogs?

A

no

32
Q

What characteristics impact proBNP in cats?

A

higher in males than female, no effect on breed

33
Q

how does the sn and sp of ELISA BNP and point of care BNP differ?

A

better agreement if LAE than without LAE
LAE: sn 100%, sp 97%
no LAE: sn 69%, sp 97%

34
Q

how does administration of prednisone in addition to clopidogrel impact platelet function?

A

11x more likely to have excessive aggregometry response –> severely DECREASED platelet function

35
Q

What occurs in canine stored RBCs (in terms of NETs)

A

increased markers of NETs in stored RBCs, reduced if leukoreduction is performed
may be mediators of transfusion reaction

36
Q

What is the role of oxidative damage in anemia?

A

No difference in ROS or vitamin E
RBC glutathione lower in anemic dogs
plasma GSH higher in hemolytic anemia than non-hemolytic anemia

37
Q

Can you give a non domesticated canid canine blood?

A

yes, majority of non-domestic canids have no naturally occuring antibodies, but need to cross match
DEA 72.9% positive, 27.1% DEA negative

38
Q

effect of level of dilution on sn and sp for saline agglutination test?

A

higher dilution, more specific (less chance of false positive
Sp 1:1 29%
Sp 49:1 90%
Sn: 1:1 and 4:1 88%
Sp 9:1 and 49:1 67%

39
Q

How do lypophylized platelets differ in outcome compared to DSMO stabilized platelets?

A

non inferior for change plt count, need for additional RBC unit, survival to discharge
superior for change in HCT 1 hour post transfusion, non-inferior at 24 hours
No AE

40
Q

How can CRP be used to predict discospondylitis?

A

sensitive but non specific marker
more sensitive than fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and hyperglobulinemia
NSD for single/multiple lesions, empyema, muscular involvement, or spinal cord involvement
No association between CRP and positive blood culture

41
Q

How is IL-17 associated with IMHA?

A

remains high in non-survivors, decreases in survivors

42
Q

Incidence of neutropenia in dogs who received vincristine for ITP? What medication was associated with neutropenia?

A

15%, cyclosporine

43
Q

How did neutropenia impact time to platelet count >40,000 and median hospitalization time?

A

no effect in time for platelets to >40,000
Hospitalization time longer in neutropenic dogs (6 days vs 4 days)

44
Q

Percent of major CM incompatibles in dogs with no history of blood transfusion?

A

17%

45
Q

MST of dogs with PIMA (nrIMHA)?

A

MST 277 days 3 month survival 61%, 12 month survival 43%

46
Q

Percent of dogs who achieved remission of PIMA and percent of dogs who acheived regeneration?

A

88% regeneration
62% remission

47
Q

Breeds predisposed to PIMA?

A

Whippets, Lurchers, mini dachshunds

48
Q

Response rate for TPE in dogs with IMHA and ITP?
How many survived to discharge?

A

83% (compared to 65% w/o TPE)
80% (compared to 70%)
82% survived to discharge
conclusion: similar outcome if treated medically

49
Q

how does cytokine content of leukoreduced blood products differ?

A

lower cytokines, recommended to leukoreduce blood products given to critically ill dogs

50
Q

What should be done with blood units from healthy blood donors (esp for first time donors)?

A

screen for vector borne disease
0.5% positive for anaplasma antibodies
1.1% PCR positive for anaplasma, Bartonella, brucella, M haemopavum, M haemocanis

51
Q

clinically, how does it make a difference if leukoreduced vs non leukoreduced blood is given?

A

No clinical advantage when looking at non-hemolytic febrile reactions, survival, or PCV changes

52
Q

in healthy dogs, does the function of platelets released vincristine differ?

A

similar in function to mature platelets

53
Q

Immune markers that may promore destruction of nRBCS in PIMA dogs?

A

IgG and PS (phosphatidyserine)

54
Q

How does washing impact stored whole blood?

A

After first wash, decreasd in K, lactate, partial pressure CO2, increased MCV and MCF
additional washing may cause hemolysis

55
Q

How does high-dose IgM enriched human Ig impact outcome in dogs with IMHA?

A

survival time, time to resmission, and volume of pRBC NSD

56
Q

How does urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 differ in dogs with IMHA?

A

higher than in healthy dogs, no difference in survivors vs non survivors

57
Q

What parameter can be used to detect early regeneration in anemic dogs?

A

immature reticulocyte fraction

58
Q

How are NETs associated with HCM?

A

increased in cats with ATE and HCM

59
Q

What proportion of dogs are Dal positive and what breeds of dog are more likely to be negative?

A

98%
dobermans and dalmatians more likely to be negative

60
Q

PCV threshold for case side agglutination card for Dal blood typing?

A

20%

61
Q

What DNA sequence is associated with delayed hemorrhage in dogs?

A

SERPINF2

62
Q

when using plateletworks ADP on the idexx ProCyte Dx analyzer, how soon should you analyze platelets?

A

1 hour post collection

JVIM 2018-2023 (9 decks)

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