Immunology/hematology Flashcards
When assessing IL-2 and INF-gamma activity, what immunosuppressive in addition to cyclosporine alters expression?
prednisone
Most common AE with mycophenolate, what other AEs can be seem?
24.4% GI AEs
neutropenia
anemia
thrombocytopenia
dermatologic
no difference with sex, age, BW, or dosage
Days until improvement in cats treated with Solensia (Frunevetmab)
improtnacement at day 28 and 56
Positive acute phase proteins higher in dogs with sepsis?
SAA, CRP, and LDL
HDL not associated with CRP and negatively correlate with SAA
cut of for SAA that can be used to predict sepsis and sn and sp?
> 677.5
sn 43.2%
sp 92.3%
Benefit of splenectomy for ITP and IMHA?
Recommended for ITP, unclear for IMHA/CIST
6/7 ITP responded well, one developed IMHA
4 dogs with IMHA responded well
Evans (CIST)-1/3
In cocker spaniels with ITP, is there any known genetic association with SNPs?
no obvious association with outcome or responsiveness to glucocorticoid
When do alloantibodies form after blood transfusion in dogs? any clinical associations?
Alloantibodies detected as early as 1 day post transfusion
No associated with type of anemia, RBC storage time, immunosuppressive treatment, transfusion volume
When should crossmatching be performed?
As early as 1 day after transfusion and before every subsequent transfusion
How does number of immunosuppressive impact outcome of IMHA in dogs? Antithrombotic agents?
no effect on time to PCV stabilization, case fatality, duration of hospitalization
Higher rate of relapse with single agent
No difference in clopidogrel vs multiple agents on effect of development of thromboses
In healthy dogs, how do immunosuppressants for 1 week impact platelet function and coauglation?
no effect
What happens to coagulation status of dogs wtih ehlirhcia?
lower platelet counts
more activated platelets
Evidence of anti-platelets antibodies
on TEG: hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic
No overt signs of bleeding
How does tetrastarch impact coagulation in hemorrhaged dogs?
No impact on primary hemostasis
Similar transient dilutional coagulopathy similar to LRS
Why should all cats be crossmatched prior to first tranfusion?
Non AB antibodies
Febrile reactions more often if non crossmatched
HOWEVER no difference in survival at 30 or 60 days post transfusion if not crossmatched
How is hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia associated wtih anemia?
No effect on anemia, however anemic dogs had a high prevalence of B vitamin deficiency
What does cyroprecipitate contain?
Factor 1 (fibrinogen), 5, 8 vWF also XIII
How do greyhound’s coagulation factors differ? does this impact utility of greyhound FFP?
lower vWF and fibrinogen, still meets standards and does not need to be excluded for cryo production
How can rotational TEG be used to predict bleeding?
MCF can be used to evaluate effect of fibrinogen on hemostasis as an alternative measurement of fibronogen
CT (intem and extem) are strongly correlated with PT/PTT
How can VEGf and Ang-2 be used to predict survival in dogs with sepsis and SIRS?
Ang-2 higher in sepsis and SIRS, higher in non-survivors, can be used to predict outcome
VEGf higher in SIRS and sepsis, higher in non survivors, cannot predict outcome
how does in clinic cross matching compare to laboratory gel column testing?
good aggreement
What naturally occuring alloantibodies are expected in cats?
Type A cats: weak or no naturally occuring B antibodies
Type B cats: strong anti-A alloantibodies
AB cats: no naturally occuring antibodies
complication rate of TPE?
50%, hemostasis complications most common (hematuria or hematoma at catheter site)
no dogs had blood clots
what dose of mycophenolate is best tolerated in cats?
10 mg/kg PO q12h for 1 week (no GI AEs in these cats)
Higher doses cats had diarrhea and hyporexia
What coagulation abnormalities can be see in dogs with AKI?
type II vWB like phenotype
Higher platelet count
