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Living Environment > Respiratory/Nervous/Immune System Test > Flashcards

Respiratory/Nervous/Immune System Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  1. ) The Respiratory System passes oxygen (o2) from the air into the lungs, which carries the oxygen to al of the body cells (inhaling)
  2. ) The Respiratory System removes gases as wastes (Co2) from our body cells, which are carried to the lungs and released into the air (exhaling)
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2
Q

What are the parts of the Respiratory System?

A 
Nasal Cavity 
Pharynx (throat) 
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea
Epiglottis
Bronchi
Lungs
Bronchioles
Alveoli 
Diaphragm
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3
Q

Nasal Cavity?

A

This area consists of your nose, nostrils, and mouth. The inside of the nose is lined with tiny hairs called cilia. Mucus is a sticky fluid in your nose. Both the cilia and mucus are protecters from diseases.

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4
Q

Cilia?

Mucus?

A

Cilia- Tiny hairs lined inside of the nose
Mucus- a sticky fluid in your nose
They both are protectors from diseases

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5
Q

Pharynx(throat)?

A

Muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity with the trachea. The pharynx is lined with cilia that trap anything that may have gotten past the nasal cavity.

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6
Q

Larynx (Voice Box)?

A

A sense or folds of tissue (vocal cords) surrounded by protective cartilage. When air passes over the folds of tissue, sounds are made (speaking)

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7
Q

Trachea?

A

The windpipe or tube that is made of smooth muscle

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8
Q

Epiglottis?

A

Covers the esophagus when you breath and the trachea when you eat

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9
Q

Bronchi?

A

Area where the trachea branches into two parts. Each part leads into the right lung and left lung

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10
Q

Lungs?

A

Cone shape organs made of spongy tissue. The lungs are the area of gas exchange in the respiratory system.

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11
Q

What do the lungs consist of?

A

The lungs consist of bronchioles and alveoli

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12
Q

Bronchioles?

A

The bronchi that have branched into tiny tubes

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13
Q

Alveoli?

A

The tiny air sacs that attach to the bronchioles. The alveoli look like bunches of grapes surrounding branches

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14
Q

Diaphragm?

A
  • A large sheet of muscle that lies just under your ribs.
  • When you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down
  • When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves back up to its resting position.
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15
Q

Nervous System?

A

The Nervous System is a network of NERVE CELLS that carry messages, or IMPULSES, throughout the organism

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16
Q

What are the two types of nerves?

A

Receptors

Effectors

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17
Q

Recepter(Sense Nerves)?

A

are nerves that are sensitive to changes (stimulus) both inside and outside the organism’s body

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18
Q

Effectors?

A

are nerves that respond to the changes

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19
Q

What is the basic unit of structure in the Nervous System?

A

the NEURON, or nerve cells

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20
Q

What are the basic parts of a Neuron?

A 
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Terminal Branches
Synaptic Knobs
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21
Q

Cell body?

A

contains the nucleus and the cell organelles. The metabolic activities that take place in all cells are carried out in the cell body.

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22
Q

Dendrites?

A

Short, highly branched fibers that receive impulses. These impulses are sent to the cell body.

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23
Q

Axon?

A

A long, thin fiber that extends from the cell body. Axons carry impulses away from the cell body and send them to either other neurons or to effectors.

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24
Q

Terminal Branches?

A

Area where impulses are transferred from one neuron and onto another neuron.

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25
Q

Synaptic Knobs?

A

Are the structures that transfer impulses from one neuron onto another. The transfer of these messages from one neuron to the next neuron is called a synapse.

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26
Q

Synapse?

A

The transfer of these messages from one neuron to the next neuron

27
Q

Neurotransmitters?

A

chemicals released that send the information from one neuron to the next

28
Q

What is the order of the Stimulus from a candle?

A
  1. ) Receptor(Skin)
  2. ) Sensory Neuron
  3. ) Interneuron (Spinal Cord)
  4. ) Brain
  5. ) Interneurons
  6. ) Motor Neuron (muscles)
  7. ) Effectors (hand moves)
29
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons?

A

Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Interneuron

30
Q

Sensory Neuron?

A

Carry impulses from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

31
Q

Motor Neuron?

A

carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors, usually muscles.

32
Q

Interneuron?

A

relay impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

34
Q

Central Nervous System?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

Controls behavior and consists of two hemispheres

35
Q

What are the 3 main parts the brain is divided in?

A

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla

36
Q

What is the Spinal Cord made of?

A

made of white matter and gray matter

37
Q

Cerebrum?

A

Controls higher processes and senses (speech, reasoning, memory, motor, smell, touch, taste, sight, and hearing)

38
Q

Cerebellum?

A

controls balance and coordination

39
Q

Medulla?

A

Controls involuntary functions such as breathing and heartbeat

40
Q

Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Neurons
It serves internal organs
It’s a pathway to the brain for the five senses
It helps you respond to the world around you

41
Q

What are the five senses?

A

sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste

42
Q

Immune System?

A

designed to defend against millions of PATHOGENS, such as bacteria, microbes, viruses, toxins, and parasites that would love to invade your body.

43
Q

What are the major components of the immune system?

A 
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph System
Bone Marrow
White Blood Cells
Antibodies
44
Q

Thymus?

A

an organ that helps produce white blood cells

45
Q

What does the Spleen do?

A

filters the blood looking for foreign cells

46
Q

Lymph System?

A

glands in the body that produce ANTIBODIES

47
Q

Antibodies?

A

search and destroy foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses

48
Q

Antigens?

A

located on antibodies and they help identify specific PATHOGENS, so the antibodies can destroy it.

49
Q

Bone Marrow?

A

located inside your bones and produces red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells

50
Q

White Blood Cells? Also known as?

A

leukocytes,

defend the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials (PATHOGENS)

51
Q

Vaccines?

A

injections that contain dead or weak form of a particular pathogen. The body will destroy them and produce antibodies.

52
Q

What are antibodies like? What do they do?

A

they are like memory cells.
If the body ever gets infected by the same type of pathogen, it will recognize it and destroy it.
THIS IS HOW THE BODY DEVELOPS IMMUNITY

53
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

54
Q

What is this virus?

A

It is a virus that attacks the immune system

55
Q

What does HIV do?

A

HIV invades and destroys white blood cells and the body can no longer defend itself against infections

56
Q

What are these white blood cells called?

A

CD4+ cells

57
Q

If you have HIV does it mean you will have Aids?

A

It does not. Even without treatment, it takes a long time for HIV to progress to aids

58
Q

How long does it take HIV to turn to AIDS?

A

Usually 10 to 12 years

59
Q

How do you get HIV?

A

you can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluid

60
Q

How do most people get HIV virus?

A

most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV

61
Q

What is another way of getting the virus?

A

sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV

62
Q

How do mother and baby contract the virus?

A

Mothers can pass the virus to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or breast feeding

63
Q

How can HIV be detected?

A

by a blood test. Your blood will contain antibodies that are trying to destroy the virus

64
Q

What is the standard treatment for HIV?

A

a combination or medicines called highly antiretroviral therapy (HEART)

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