Fertilization/Pregnancy Quiz Flashcards
What is the first process of fertilization?
intercourse/ejaculation into the vagina
What is the sperm’s journey to the oviduct?
past the cervix, through the uterus, and then to one of the oviducts.
How does fertilization occur and what is produced?
one sperm will combine with the egg cell
produces a zygote
What prevents the more than one sperm to fertilize an egg cell?
Two layers of cells
What are the two layers of cells?
Zana Pellucida
Corona Radiata
What happens to the zygote?
produces new body cells by mitosis and implant into the lining of the uterus. (becomes placenta)
What is a zygote and fetus?
zygote- fertilized egg
fetus- fully developed baby
What are the parts (in order) of fertilization?
- ) intercourse
- ) sperm cells swim past the cervix, through the uterus, and into one of the oviducts
- ) one sperm will combine with the egg cell (fertilization) Zygote is produced
- ) Two layers of cells around the egg cell prevent more than one sperm to fertilize it
- ) zygote will produce new body cells by mitosis and implant into the lining of the uterus. (becomes placenta)
Gametes?
egg and sperm cells
Where does fertilization occur?
oviducts
Oviducts?
fallopian tubes
Oocyte?
Egg cell
Where a single sperm penetrates the cell membrane. Covers the egg cell
Corona Radiata and Zona Pellucida?
two layers of cells covering and protecting the oocyte (egg cell) from fertilization by more than one sperm
What does the sperm have to pass through?
Corona Radiata
Zona Pellucida
What are the phases of Embryonic Development? (IN ORDER)
Zygote Morula Blastula Gastrula 3 Germ Layers
Zygote?
a cell that contains all of the genetic information (DNA) needed by the offspring. 23 chromosomes from each parent.
Cleavage?
the division of cells by mitosis in the early stages of embryonic development. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original size.
Morula?
an embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of approximately 12-23 cells
Blastula?
an early stage of embryonic development that is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum(egg) and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel.
Blastocoel?
a central fluid-filled cavity
Gastrula?
as the zygote continues to grow and some of the cells in the blastula move inward. This stage is called gastrulation
3 Germ Layers?
develop different part of baby’s body
Differentiation?
the process by which cells produce 3 germ layers. These germ layers will develop the different parts of the body
When are these 3 Germ Layers develop?
when different genes are activated and produce specific proteins
What happens in Gene Expression?
When activated, genes are expressed during development.
What are the 3 Germ Layers?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
Where are all of the germ layers located in?
Gastrula
Where is the ectoderm’s layer and what is its development?
Outer
the layer of cells that develops into the skin and nervous system
Where is the Mesoderm’s layer and what is its development?
Middle
the layer of cells that develops into the muscular system, skeletal system, circulatory system, excretory system, and respiratory system.
Where is the Endoderm’s layer and what is its development?
Inner
the layer of cells that develop into the digestive tract
Placenta?
for 9 months, feeds and nourishes the fetus while also disposing of toxic waste.
Umbilical Cord?
tube that connects a developing fetus to the placenta
Amnion?
a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the embryo
chorion?
the membrane that exists during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It surrounds the embryo and transfers nutrients from mother’s blood to baby’s blood.
Allantois?
sac-like structure is primarily involved in neutron and excretion. Collects liquid waste from the embryo, as well as to exchange gases used by the fetus
What are the months of the 1st Trimester?
Month 1-3
What are the months of the 2nd Trimester?
Month 4-6
What are the months of the 3rd Trimester?
Month 7-9
What happens in the first trimester?
All the major organ system of the embryo grows and develops into a fetus
What happens in the second trimester?
the fetus grows for three months. By the end of this trimester, the fetus begins to move.
What happens in the third trimester?
The mass of the fetus more than triples. The fetus kicks, stretches, and moves freely. At the end of the 9th month, the fetus is ready to be born (labor)
When can the sex of the fetus be identified?
2nd trimester
end of the 4th month
When can the mother feel fetal movement?
2nd trimester
end of the 5th month
What is Reproductive Technology?
Scientific methods that help people reproduce artificially
What do these methods help?
couples who are having trouble reproducing
Artificial Insemination?
the process by which sperm is placed into a female’s uterus, or cervix artificially with a needle less syringe
The sperm will swim up the uterus and into the oviduct looking for the egg cell to fertilize and begin pregnancy
In Vitro Fertilization?
a process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body
involves women removing an egg or eggs from the woman’s ovaries and sperm fertilizes them in a liquid lab
The fertilized egg is cultured for 2-6 days in a growth medium and is then implanted in the same or another woman’s uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy
Surrogacy?
a method of assisted reproduction where a woman agrees to become pregnant for the purpose of giving birth to a child for others who can’t conceive
Embryonic Stem Cell Research?
the process of using stem cells from an embryo and insert them with DNA
these cells have the ability to differentiate into any of the body cells that the scientist wants.
Scientists just insert the DNA they want to reproduce and the stem cells will transform into the desired cells.
Birth Control?
the method of preventing pregnancy
What are examples of Contraception?
Abstinence, condoms, birth control pills
Do these methods prevent pregnancy and STD transmissions?
prevents pregnancy but not STD
