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Pathoma COPY :}}}} > Respiratory: Nasopharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Respiratory: Nasopharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of rhinitis

A

rhinovirus

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3
Q

clinical presentation for Rhinitis

A

sneezing
congestion
runny nose
common cold

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4
Q

Name a sub-type of rhinitis and its MOA

A

Allergic rhinitis

- type I hypersensitivity reaction

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5
Q

what is an example of an antigen to cause allergic rhinitis

A

pollen

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6
Q

what characterizes Allergic rhinitis

A

inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils

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7
Q

allergic rhinitis is associated with what other disease states

A

asthma and eczema

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8
Q

what are nasal polyp

A

protrusion of edematous, inflamed nasal mucosa

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9
Q

When can nasal polyps occur

A
  1. secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis
  2. cystic fibrosis
  3. aspirin-intolerant asthma
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10
Q

what is the triad of aspirin-intolerant asthma

A
  1. asthma
  2. aspirin-induced bronchospasms
  3. nasal polyps
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11
Q

about how many asthmatic patients are aspirin-intolerant

A

10%

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12
Q

what is angiofibroma

A

benign tumor of nasal mucosa composed of large blood vessels and fibrous tissue

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13
Q

who usually gets angiofibroma

A

adolescent males

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14
Q

clinical feature of angiofibroma

A

profuse epistaxis

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15
Q

what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of nasopharyngeal epithelium

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16
Q

what virus is nasopharyngeal carcinoma found in and who is it classically seen in

A
  • EBV
  • Chinese adults
  • African children
17
Q

what must the biopsy reveal for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

pleomorphic keratin-positive epithelial cells ( poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) in background of lymphocytes

18
Q

what part of the body that is not part of respiratory is involved with nasopharyngeal

A

cervical lymph nodes

19
Q

name 4 nasopharynx pathologies

A
  1. rhinitis
  2. nasal polyp
  3. angiofibroma
  4. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
20
Q

what is acute epiglotis

A

inflammation of epiglottis

21
Q

what is the most common cause of acute epiglottis

A

H. influenzae

22
Q

who is acute epiglottis usually found in

A

especially non-immunizied children, and can be seen in immunized children

23
Q

clinical presentation for epiglottis

A 
high fever
sore throat
drooling with dysphagia 
muffled voice 
inspiratory stridor
24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing

25
Q

what is the risk associated with acute epiglottis

A

airway obstruction

medical emergency

26
Q

what is laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

A

inflammation of upper airway

27
Q

what is the most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis

A

parainfluenza

28
Q

clinical presentation for laryngotracheobronchitis

A

hoarse
“barking” cough
inspiratory stridor

29
Q

what is vocal cord nodule ( singer’s nodule)

A

nodule that arises on the true vocal cord

30
Q

what causes vocal cord nodule

A

excessive use of vocal cords

31
Q

how do the vocal cords present and what is it composed of?

A
  • bilaterally

- degenerative (myxoid) connective tissue

32
Q

how does vocal cord nodule present and what makes it better

A
  • hoarseness

- rest the vocals

33
Q

what is laryngeal papilloma

A

benign papillary tumor of the vocal cord

34
Q

what are the most common causes of laryngeal papilloma

A

HPV 6 and 11

35
Q

who and how many does laryngeal papilloma present in

A

papillomas single in adults and multiple in children

36
Q

how does laryngeal papilloma present

A

hoarseness

37
Q

what is laryngeal carcinoma? where does it come from

A

squamous cell carcinoma arising from epithelial lining of vocal cord

38
Q

what are risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma

A

alcohol and tobacco

- rarely from laryngeal papilloma

39
Q

clinical symptoms of laryngeal carcinoma

A

hoarsness
cough
stridor

Pathoma COPY :}}}} (38 decks)

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