Female Pathology: Endometrium and Myometrium Flashcards
What is endometrium
mucosal lining of uterine cavity
what is myometrium
smooth muscle wall underlying endometrium
what hormone drives the growth of endometrium during each phase?
proliferative phase: estrogen
secretory phase: progesterone
menstrual phase: loss of progesterone
what is asherman syndrome
secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring
clinical presentation of asherman syndrome
overaggressive dilation and curettage (D&C)
What is anovulatory cycle
lack of ovulation
what is wrong in the phases in anovulatory cycle
proliferative phase: estrogen driven
secretory phase: no progesterone, proliferative glands break down and shed resulting in uterine bleeding
anovulatory cycle’s dysfunctional bleeding usually occurs under what circumstances
menarche
menopause
what is acute endometritis
bacterial infection of the endometrium
clinical presentation for acute endometritis
fever
abnormal uterine bleeding
pelvic pain
what can cause bacterial infection in acute endometritis
retained products of conception
after delivery or miscarriage
what is chronic endometritis
chronic inflammation of endometrium
what causes chronic endometritis
retained products of conception
chronic pelvic inflammatory disease ( chlamydia )
IUD
TB
clinical features of chronic endometritis
abnormal uterine bleeding, pain and infertility
what cells characterize chronic endometritis? which one is diagnositc
lymphocytes and plasma cells ( diagnostic)
what is endometrial polyp
hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium
clinical presentation of endometrial polyp
abnormal uterine bleeding
what drug can give an endometrial polyp. MOA of drug
Tamoxifen
- anti-estrogen effects on breast
- weak pro-estrogenic effects on endometrium
What is endometriosis
endometrial glands and stroma outside of uterine endometrial lining
endometriosis is commonly due to what
retrograde menstruation with implantation at an ectopic site
clinical presentation of endometriosis
dysmenorrhea
pelvic pain
may cause infertility
dysmenorrhea
pain during menstration