Female Pathology: Gestational pathology Flashcards
what is ectopic pregnancy and what is the most common location
- implantation of fertilized ovum at site other than uterine wall
- lumen of fallopian tube
what is a key risk factor for ectopic pregnancy ?what can cause this risk factor
scarring
secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis
clinical presentation for ectopic pregnancy
lower quadrant abdominal pain few weeks after missed period
how is ectopic pregnancy treated? complications?
surgical emergency
- bleeding into fallopian tube (hematosalpinx) and rupture
what is spontaneous abortion
miscarriage of fetus occurring before 20 weeks gestation ( usually first trimester)
clinical symptoms of spontaneous abortion
vaginal bleeding
cramp-like pain
passage of fetal tissues
what are causes of spontaneous abortion
- chromosomal anomalies ( trisomy 16)
- hypercoagulable states ( antiphospholipid syndrome)
congenital infection - exposure to teratogens ( especially first 2 weeks of embryogenesis)
what happens in baby is exposed to teratogens first 2 weeks of gestation
spontaneous abortion
what happens in baby is exposed to teratogens during weeks 3-8 of gestation
risk of organ malformation
what happens in baby is exposed to teratogens during months 3-9 of gestation
risk of organ hypoplasia
what is the most common cause of mental retardation in fetus
mental retardation
Alcohol to fetus can cause
facial abnormalities and microcephaly
Cocaine to fetus can cause
intrauterine growth retardation
placental abruption
Thalidomide to fetus can cause
limb defects
Cigarette smoking to fetus can cause
intrauterine growth retardation
Isotretinion to fetus can cause
spontaneous abortion
hearing and visual impairments
Tetracycline to fetus can cause
discolored teeth
Warfarin to fetus can cause
fetal bleeding
Phenytion to fetus can cause
digit hypoplasia
cleft lip/palate