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Systems > Respiratory Must knows > Flashcards

Respiratory Must knows Flashcards

1
Q

Collapsing pressure is inversely proportional to the alveolar radius, such that smaller alveolie experience larger collapsing pressure

A

Laplace’s Law

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2
Q

Surfactant is secreted by?

A

Type 2 epithelial cells

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3
Q

Normally accounts for the largest proportion of the total work of breathing

A

Compliance resistance

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4
Q

Airflow resistance= (air viscocity)(airway length)/airway radius

A

Poiseuille’s law

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5
Q

T or F: Airway diameter is reduced by smooth muscle contraction & excess secretions in obstructive airway diseases.

A

Airway diameter is reduced by smooth muscle contraction & excess secretions in restrictive airway diseases

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6
Q

Volume inspired or expired with each normal breath?

A

Tidal Volume (500ml)

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7
Q

Volume that can be inspired over and above the TV?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (3000ml)

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8
Q

Volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration?

A

Residual Volume (1000ml)

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9
Q

Dynamic air trapping during exercise is a major limitation to reigorous activity in patients with what disease?

A

COPD

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10
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inspiration?

A

Inspiratory Capacity

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11
Q

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

A

Functional residual capacity

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12
Q

Maximum volume of air expired after maximal inspiration; synonymous with forced vital capacity

A

Vital Capacity

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13
Q

The maximum volume of air in the lungs after a maxiumum inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity

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14
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second after a maximum inspiration

A

Forced expiratory volume

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15
Q

T or F: FEV1/FVC ratio is increased in obstructing lung disease

A

False: FEV1/FVC ration is decreased in obstructive lung disease and increased in restrictive lung disease

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16
Q

The portions of the lung that are ventilated but in which no gas exchange occurs

A

Pulmonary dead space

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17
Q

What are the three types of dead space?

A

Anatomic
Alveolar
Physiologic

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18
Q

Volume of conducting airways not involved in gas exchange. Approx ___ml

A

Anatomic dead space. 150 ml.

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19
Q

Ventilated alveoli that are not perfused

A

Alveolar dead space

20
Q

What type of dead space increases during mechanical ventilation

A

Anatomic dead space

21
Q

What circulation receives the entire cardiac output?

A

Pulmonary Circulation

22
Q

What zone in the lung has no blood flow during the cardiac cycle?

A

Zone 1

23
Q

Partial pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases is proportional to the fractional concentration of that gas

A

Dalton’s law

24
Q

P02 in the atmosphere?

A

160mmHg

25
Q

P02 in the humidified tracheal air?

A

150mmHg

26
Q

What is Flick’s law?

A

The rate of diffusion is in part proportional to the concentration gradient of O2 across the pulmonary membrane

27
Q

Processes that impair oxygen diffusion

A

Decreased O2 pressure gradient (high altitude)
Decreased surface area (emphysema)
Increased diffusion distance (fibrosis)

28
Q

Noraml V/Q ratio at rest

A

0.8

29
Q

What part of the lungs are underperfused and overventilated

A

Lung apices

30
Q

blood that bypasses the lungs or for another reason does no participate in gas exchange

A

shunt

31
Q

__% the flow of blood that enters the heart and is shunted past the gas exchange areas and is no oxygenated

A

bronchial venous shunt flow - 2%

32
Q

Right shift of the O2 dissociation curve means

A

Increased hydrogen ions(dec pH)
increased CO2
increased temperature
increased BPG

33
Q

Co2 in transported in the blood in the form of?___%?

A

HC03 (70%)

34
Q

inside RBC CO2 reacts with water to form ____ by _____?

A

carbonic acid

carbonic anhydrase

35
Q

CO2 is transported in the blood in what forms?

A

HCO3
CarbanminoHgb
dissolved CO2

36
Q

The act of Breathing is under the control of?

A

brainstem

37
Q

Controls the rythm of repiration

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

38
Q

Stimulates expiratory muscles, as in forced expiration

A

Ventral Respi Group (VRG)

39
Q

Central chemoreceptors reacts to?

A

pH and CO2

40
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors reacts to?

A

O2, CO2, pH

41
Q

ABG value that suggests impending Acute Respiratory Failure

A

HC03 of >30

42
Q

Systemic decrease of P02 causes a chemoreflex mediated vaso____n throughout the lung

A

Vasoconstricion

43
Q

PA>Pa>Pv

A

Zone 1

44
Q

Pa>Pv>PA

A

Zone 3

45
Q

(RR) (Tidal Volume) = 6L/min

A

Minute Ventilation

46
Q

Alveolar Ventilation Calculation

A

RRx(TV-dead space)

47
Q

Dead space measurement

A

1ml/lbs

Systems (11 decks)

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