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Systems > Cardio Physio > Flashcards

Cardio Physio Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions can present with different BP in extremities?

A

CoA

Dissecting Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

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2
Q

What mutation is seen in Brugada syndrome

A

5CN5A (sodium channel)

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3
Q

Apperance of Macrophages in MI

A

4-7 days

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4
Q

Paroxysmal, recurrent precodial or substernal chest pain, caused by transient myocardial ischemia which falls shor of infarction

A

Angina Pectoris

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5
Q

maintains cell to cell cohesion

A

intercalated disc

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6
Q

Sympathetic Pathway is mediated by what neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

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7
Q

Most common reason for pump failure?

A

myocardial hypertrophy usually sec to HPN

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8
Q

Excess of this ion cause the heart to be become dialated and flaccid

A

potassium same in sodium

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9
Q

Compare Cardiac vs Skeletal Muclses

A 
Cardiac muscles:
Striated intercalaeted disk, Gap junctions
Involunatary automaticity/rythmicity
More T tubules
Less developed Sar. Retic
Intra/Extra Calscium vs Intra only in skeletal
More abundant Mitochondria
Negative Fatigue tetanus
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10
Q

It is directly proportional to the viscosity of the blood

A

resistance

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11
Q

Cardiac-limb or ventriculoradial malformation

TBXS

A

Holt-Oram syndrome

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12
Q

Major determinants of Myocardial Oxygen demand

A

Rate
Tension
Contractility

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13
Q

4 cardinal features of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding Aorta
VSD

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14
Q

Most important determinant in stroke

A

Pulse Pressure

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15
Q

CAD angina Equivalent

A

Symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue and faintness

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16
Q

Palliative mgt for TOF

A

Blalock-Taussig Shunt

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17
Q

MVP is associated with what diseases?

A

Elhers Denlos

Marfan’s

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18
Q

Murmur in PDA

A

Machinery Like

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19
Q

ECG in Brugada Syndrome

A

V1-V3 RBBB, ST Elevation

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20
Q

COD in BruSy

A

Vfib

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21
Q

Most common site of Coarctation of the Ao

A

Juxtaductal below the origin of the left Subclavian A.

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22
Q

Mosot Comon Cause of Diminished blood flow

A

Coronary Atherosclerosis

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23
Q

“myxomatous degeneration” on histology

A

MVP

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24
Q

found in the posterior wall of the right atrium with delay of impulse

A

AV node

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25
Q

Factors that influence contractility

A

Increased HR
Sympathetic stimulation
Cardiac glycosides
Parasympathetic stiumulation

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26
Q

Most common form of ASD

A

Ostium Secundum

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27
Q

Pentalogy of Fallot

A

+ASD or PDA

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28
Q

CAD relieved by rest and NTG

A

Stable angina

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29
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

wall of the RA lateral to the SINUS VENARUM at the junction where the SVA enters the R atrium

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30
Q

Erb’s point

A

S2 heart sound

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31
Q

Late latency period of the parasympathetic pathway is due to rapid activation of what channel?

A

Potassium channels in cardiac cells

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32
Q

What phase is caused by inward Ca+ current drivein the memrane potental toward Ca+ equillibrium potental

A

Phase 0

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33
Q

Describes the distensibility of the blood vessels

A

Capacitance(compliance)

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34
Q

All 4 veins drain into the R atrium

A

TAPV

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35
Q

CHD caused by Rubella infected mother

A

PDA

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36
Q

“Mid Systolic Click”

A

MVP

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37
Q

Necrosis of the inner 1/3 or 1/2 of the ventricle

A

Subendocardiac Infarction

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38
Q

Blood flow that is streamlined

A

Laminar flow

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39
Q

Contuction velocity in atrial muscle

A

0.3 - 0.5

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40
Q

“Snowman appearance”

A

TAPVR

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41
Q

Tet spells mgt

A

O2 Admin

B blockers - Propanolol

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42
Q

Acute Plaque change and superimposed thrombosis

A

Transmural Infarction (STEMI)

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43
Q

MC site of Dissection of the Aorta

A

Ascending

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44
Q

Exagerated fall of 10mmHg or more in SBP in inspiration

A

pulsus paridoxus

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45
Q

It takes 5-20 seconds for the purkinhe fiver to emit its own impulses

A

Stokes-Adams syndrome

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46
Q

MC cardiac anomaly in Down’s Syndrome

A

Endocardial cushion defect

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47
Q

Vesel used to assess the JVP

A

Internal Jugular vein

48
Q

“Egg in its side”

A

TOGA

49
Q

Clinical Manifestations of TOF

A

Cyanosis
Dyspnea on exertion
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic attacks
TET spells

50
Q

What form of CoAo is proximal to the PDA

A

Intantile

51
Q

Treatment of MI

A

Aspirin
Morphine
Sublingual NTG

52
Q

Failure of decline in JVP during inspiration

A

Kussmaul’s sign

53
Q

__% lumen occluded will be symptomatic in CAD

A

70%

54
Q

MC Cause of Death in Subendocardial MI

A

VFib

55
Q

T or F: Capacitance is lesser in veins than arteries

A

False

56
Q

Killips Class

A

Class 1
Class 2 HF
Class 3 Pulmonary Edema
Class 4 Cardiogenic Shock

57
Q

pressure gradient/Total peripheral resitance

A

Blood flow

58
Q

RMP is about -90mv approching K equillibrium potential

A

Cardiac Muscle Action potential

59
Q

CHD incompatible with life, DM mothers

A

TOGA

60
Q

Cardiomyopathy secondary to desmosomal mutation

A

ARVD

61
Q

Major risk Factors of MI?

A

smoking
HPN
DM
Hpyerlipidemia

62
Q

Sudden Autosomal Cardiac Death

A

Brugada Syndrome

63
Q

Left side murmur is increased during?

A

Expiration

64
Q

Reflex seen with Hypertension and Tachycadira in 1/4 of the patients with MI

A

James Reflex

65
Q

Hyperkeratosis + ARVD

A

Naxos dse

66
Q

Lung hypoplasia in sinus vinosum ASD

A

Schimitary syndrome

67
Q

MC congenital cyanotic anomaly

A

TOF

68
Q

Phase where there is inward Na+ current

A

Phase 4

69
Q

highest proportion of blood in the CVS

A

Veins

70
Q

Single most important measurement @ bedside for volume status

A

JVP

71
Q

DOC of Prinzemetal Angina

A

CCB

72
Q

Yellow pallor in MI appears when?

A

within 1-7 days

73
Q

S4

A

Late diastolie (“atrial kick”)
Considered abdnormal
Seen in high atrial pressure

74
Q

Mortality rate increases up to 80% in AS patients with

A

Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea

75
Q

the site of highest resistance on the CVS

A

arterioles

76
Q

“Hourglass”

A

Supravalvular Ao. Stenosis

77
Q

Aortic tear, MI like with widening of the mediastinum

A

Aortic Dissection

78
Q

Dyspnea when standing

A

Platypnea

79
Q

Action Potential phase caused by K incease and inactivation of Ca+ channel

A

Phase 3

80
Q

Associated with Turner’s?

A

Coarctation of the Ao

81
Q

S3

A

sound in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling. Assoc. with increased filling pressures (eg. MR, HF) and more common in dilated ventricles

82
Q

3 sign

A

Coarctation of the Ao

83
Q

PE findings in NSTEMI

A

Chest pain >30mins
pallor
PERSPIRATION

84
Q

Predicts whether blood flow will be laminar or turbulent

A

Reynold’s number

85
Q

Microscopic consequences during the 4th-24th hour in MI

A

Coagulative Necrosis

86
Q

CAD risk equivalent

A

DM

Age>65

87
Q

Insulin induces what inotrophic effect?

A

Positive

88
Q

Xray result in CoAo

A

“Rib-notching”

89
Q

R-L shunting, inc Hct, Clubbing, cyanosis

A

Eisenmenger

90
Q

Right Vagus affects the ___ node

A

SA node

91
Q

Positive inotropic effect causes

A

increase contractility

92
Q

hypotension and bradycardia is seen in ___% of the patients

A

50%

93
Q

Phase that is no present in SA node action potential

A

Phases 1 and 2

94
Q

Turbulent flow conditions

A

Fast blood flow
Sharp turn
Obstruction
Roughening of blood vessel surface

95
Q

Conduction is fastest and slowest where?

A

Slowest AV

Fastest Purkinje

96
Q

Normal difference of pressure in the Extremities

A

<20mmHg both arms

>20mmHg lower ex

97
Q

MC congenital defect

A

VSD

98
Q

S1

A

Mitral and TV valve closure. Loudest at mitral area

99
Q

NYHA Class with Marked limitation of physical activity

A

Class III

100
Q

Benign Condition aka Systolic Click Syndrome

A

MVP

101
Q

Gold Standard for PDA mgt

A

Surgery

102
Q

Most common type of VSD

A

Membranous

103
Q

Most sensitive/Specific for Myocardial dmg

A

Troponin

104
Q

Vaospasm, Isovolemic changes, VERAPAMIL+NTG

A

Prinzmetal Angina

105
Q

Complications of MI

A 
S hock
P ericarditis
A rrythmias
R V infarction
T hromboembolism
A ngina
F ailure (CHF)
L V aneurysm
D ysfunction, LV
106
Q

weak, delayed pulse seen in A. Stenosis

A

Pulsus tardus Et pavus

107
Q

AV condution tissue is inhbited by?

A

Left Vagus

108
Q

Venous pressure anatomical landmark

A

Angle of louis+5cm below—>righ atrium

109
Q

MC common presentation in teens with CoAo

A

HPN

110
Q

Trilogy of Fallot

A

minus overriding of the Ao

111
Q

Right sided HF caused by pulmonary HPN from Intrinsic Lung Disease

A

Cor pulmonale

112
Q

S2

A

aortic and pulmonic valve closure. Loudest in the upper sternal border

113
Q

3 Internodal Pathways and their names

A

Anterior (bachman) iner
Middle (Wenkebach) edge
Posterior (Thorel) thru

114
Q

Double Systolic Apical Pulses is seen in?

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

115
Q

Excess in the ECF causes the heart to go toward spastic contraction

A

Calcium

116
Q

Hormones that affect Cardiac output

A 
Adrenomedullary hormone
Adrenocortical hormone
Insulin
Thyroid
Glucagon
117
Q

Xray result in TOF

A

Boot shaped heart

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