respiratory (misc)

Question 1

empyema

Answer 1

accumulation of pus in the pleural space

turbid chest tube drainage results

Question 2

pneumothorax

Answer 2

air in pleural space

Question 3

hemothorax

Answer 3

blood in pleural space

Question 4

consolidation

Answer 4

lung tissue becomes more solid as a result of an infectious process or collapsed alveoli

Question 5

tidal volume

Answer 5

amount of air inspired and expired with each breath

Question 6

vital capacity

Answer 6

max amount of air that can be moved out of the lungs after max inspiration and expiration

Question 7

residual volume

Answer 7

amount of air remaining in lungs after forcibly exhaling

Question 8

dead volume

Answer 8

amount of air remaining in upper airways that never reaches the alveoli

Question 9

sibiliant (hissing/whistling) wheezes

Answer 9

continuous musical sounds heard upon inspiration AND expiration

2/2 air passing through narrowed or partially obstructed air passages

heard in clients with increased secretions

Question 10

friction rub

Answer 10

crackling/grating sound heard during inspiration or expiration 2/2 inflammation of the pleural surfaces

Question 11

crackles

Answer 11

soft, discontinuous popping sound

2/2 fluid in the alveoli

Question 12

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 12

seen in DKA

Question 13

cheyne-stokes respiration

Answer 13

rate and depth increase, then decrease until apnea occurs

Question 14

Biot’s respiration

Answer 14

periods of normal breathing (3-4 breaths) followed by a varying period of apnea (10-60 seconds)

Question 15

central chemoreceptors

Answer 15

in medulla

respond to the changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in CSF

Question 16

cyanosis

Answer 16

a late finding of hypoxia

occurs when there is at least 5g/dL of unoxygenated hemoglobin

Question 17

pleurisy

Answer 17

“knife-like” pain from irritation of parietal pleura on inspiration