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basic 130 > respiratory fx ppt 9 > Flashcards

respiratory fx ppt 9 Flashcards

1
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung parenchyma

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2
Q

CAP

A

community acquired pneumonia

occurs in community setting or WITHIN 48 hours after hospitalization
rate increases with age

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3
Q

HCAP

A

healthcare associated pneumonia
multi-drug resistant
occurs in non-hospitalized pt with extensive healthcare contact (SNF, chemo, dialysis, wound care)

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4
Q

HAP

A

hospital acquired pneumonia
develops 48+ hrs after admission
high mortality rate (33%)
immunocompromised at risk

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5
Q

VAP

A 
ventilator associated pneumonia
a type of HAP
r/t endotracheal intubation; 
increases with duration of mech. ventilation
under 96 hrs = antibiotic sensitive
over 96 hrs = MDR bacteria
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6
Q

S. pneumoniae

A 
most common cause of CAP in
pts under 60 w/o comorbidities
pts over 60 with comorbidities
upper respiratory tract
gram positive organism
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7
Q

H. influenzae

A

CAP that frequently affects older adults and pts with comorbidities
cough or low-grade fever may be present for weeks before diagnosis
COPD!!!!

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8
Q

M. pneumonia

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

CAP spread by DROPLET
affects respiratory tract, including bronchioles
earache and bullous myringitis are common

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9
Q

risk factors for pneumonia

A 
CHF
DM
alcoholism
COPD
AIDS
influenza
CF
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10
Q

s/s streptococcal pneumonia

A 
sudden onset
chills
fever
pleuritic pain
tachypnea
resp distress
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11
Q

s/s viral, mycoplasma, legionella

A

bradycardia

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12
Q

general s/s pneumonia

A 
resp tract infection
headache
fever
pleuritic pain, myalgia
rash
pharyngitis
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13
Q

diagnostics

A

chest xray
blood culture
sputum culture
bronchoscopy

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14
Q

pneumococcal vaccincation

A

reduces incidence of pneumonia
reduces cardiac hospitalizations
reduces deaths among elderly

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15
Q

nursing assessment

A 
vitals (tachypnea?)
secretions
cough
inspect/auscultate chest
mental status changes
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16
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

inhalation of foreign material into lungs

serious complication of pneumonia

17
Q

aspiration pneumonia s/s

A

tachycardia
dyspnea
central cyanosis
HTN or hypotension

18
Q

aspiration pneumonia risk factors

A

seizure, brain injury, decreased LOC
stroke, cardiac arrest
flat position
swallowing disorders

19
Q

prevent aspiration by:

A 
elevate head of bed 30-45 deg
use sedatives sparingly
check feeding tube placement
assess for GI residuals <150 mL
obtain swallowing evaluation prior to feeding
20
Q

COPD

A

progressive disease of airflow obstruction

preventable, treatable, irreversible

21
Q

COPD pathophysiology

A

airflow limitation
changes/narrowing in airways 2/2 chronic inflammation
ongoing injury/tissue repair process causes scar tissue formation and narrowing of airways

22
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
ciliary fxn reduced
alveoli become damaged
pt more susceptible to resp dysfunction

23
Q

emphysema

A

abnormal distention of air spaces beyond terminal bronchioles
destroys walls of alveoli, decreasing surface area
hypoxemia leading to pulm HTN
right sided HF

24
Q

COPD risk factors

A 
smoking
secondhand smoke
prolonged occupational exposure
age
deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin
25
Q

COPD s/s

A

chronic cough
sputum production
dyspnea
barrel chest

26
Q

COPD assessment

A

pulmonary fxn test
spirometry
ABGs
chest x ray

27
Q

COPD complications

A

respiratory insufficiency/failure
pneumonia
chronic atelectasis
pneumothoriax

28
Q

COPD medical mgmt

A 
promote smoking cessation
reduce risks, manage exacerbations
provide O2
pneumococcal vaccine
influenza vaccine
29
Q

COPD surgical mgmt

A

bullectomy - remove bullae, reduce dyspnea, improve lung fxn

lung volume reduction - palliative; remove portion of diseased lung tissue

30
Q

COPD medications

A 
bronchodilators
corticosteroids
antibiotics
mucolytics
antitussive
31
Q

COPD nursing mgmt

A

achieve airway clearance
improve breathing pattern
improve activity tolerance

32
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid collection in pleural space

2/2 HF, TB, pneumonia

33
Q

s/s pleural effusion

A

fever, chills
pleuritic pain
dyspnea, coughing
difficulty laying flat

34
Q

pleural effusion assessment

A

decreased/absent breath sounds
decreased fremitus
dull percussion
trachial deviation away from affected side

35
Q

pleural effusion diagnosis

A

chest x ray/chest CT
thoracentesis
pleural biopsy

36
Q

pleural effusion medical mgmt

A

thoracentesis

chest tube placed

37
Q

pleural effusion nursing mgmt

A

monitor I&O
pain mgmt
positioning

basic 130 (12 decks)

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