Respiratory Medicine Flashcards
What is the role of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange, O2 in CO2 out
What are the three main disturbances of the respiratory system?
Reduced transfer of oxygen
Reduced Ventilation of lungs
Reduced perfusion of lungs
What are the main symptoms of a respiratory issue?
Breathlessness
Wheezing
Cough
Sputum Production
Chest Pain
What is Pneumonia
Infection of the lung
Where can you get pneumonia?
Community
Hospital
How many people are admitted to hospital per year in the EU with pneumonia?
1 million
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
Cough
Chest pain
Fever
Breathlessness
Malaise
Sputum production
What organisms cause pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilis Influenza
Mycoplasma pneumonia
What is the management of pneumonia?
ABCDE approach
CRB 65 score
Antibiotics
What is obstructive sleep apnoea?
Breathing stops and starts during sleep
What causes sleep apnoea?
The obstruction of the pharynx
What are the effects of sleep apnoea?
Sleep is disturbed
Headaches
Poor memory
What are the risk factors to sleep apnoea?
Males > Female
Being overweight/obese
Small airway
Small lower jaw
Large tonsils
How to manage sleep apnoea?
Weight management
Continuous positive airway pressure
What is pneumothorax?
When the lining of the lung punctures and air escapes into pleural spaces
What 2 types of pneumothorax is there?
Spontaneous
Traumatic
What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?
Pleuritic chest pain
Breathlessness
collapse + cardiac arrest (sometimes)
What is the management for pneumothorax?
Admission for assessment
Chest drainage to allow lung re inflation
What are the 2 types of interstitial lung disease?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
What can interstitial lung disease lead to?
Lung scarring
Fibrosis
What are the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?
Progressive breathlessness
Cough
What is cystic fibrosis?
An autosomal recessive genetic disease
What causes cystic fibrosis?
Faulty C1- channel
What causes pulmonary embolus?
Thrombus in deep veins of leg migrating as am embolus to the lung
In 2011 how many people were administered to hospital with pulmonary embolus?
28,000
What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolus?
Chest and back pain
Difficulty breathing
Coughing blood
What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?
Anticoagulant
What are the dental impacts of a patient with pulmonary embolism?
Breathless and cannot lie flat
Anticoagulant - blood thinner
Less respiratory reserve therefore care when sedation required
