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Human Disease > Respiratory Medicine > Flashcards

Respiratory Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange, O2 in CO2 out

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2
Q

What are the three main disturbances of the respiratory system?

A

Reduced transfer of oxygen
Reduced Ventilation of lungs
Reduced perfusion of lungs

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3
Q

What are the main symptoms of a respiratory issue?

A

Breathlessness
Wheezing
Cough
Sputum Production
Chest Pain

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4
Q

What is Pneumonia

A

Infection of the lung

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5
Q

Where can you get pneumonia?

A

Community
Hospital

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6
Q

How many people are admitted to hospital per year in the EU with pneumonia?

A

1 million

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Cough
Chest pain
Fever
Breathlessness
Malaise
Sputum production

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8
Q

What organisms cause pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilis Influenza
Mycoplasma pneumonia

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9
Q

What is the management of pneumonia?

A

ABCDE approach
CRB 65 score
Antibiotics

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10
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Breathing stops and starts during sleep

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11
Q

What causes sleep apnoea?

A

The obstruction of the pharynx

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12
Q

What are the effects of sleep apnoea?

A

Sleep is disturbed
Headaches
Poor memory

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13
Q

What are the risk factors to sleep apnoea?

A

Males > Female
Being overweight/obese
Small airway
Small lower jaw
Large tonsils

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14
Q

How to manage sleep apnoea?

A

Weight management
Continuous positive airway pressure

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15
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

When the lining of the lung punctures and air escapes into pleural spaces

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16
Q

What 2 types of pneumothorax is there?

A

Spontaneous
Traumatic

17
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

A

Pleuritic chest pain
Breathlessness
collapse + cardiac arrest (sometimes)

18
Q

What is the management for pneumothorax?

A

Admission for assessment
Chest drainage to allow lung re inflation

19
Q

What are the 2 types of interstitial lung disease?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

20
Q

What can interstitial lung disease lead to?

A

Lung scarring
Fibrosis

21
Q

What are the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?

A

Progressive breathlessness
Cough

22
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

An autosomal recessive genetic disease

23
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis?

A

Faulty C1- channel

24
Q

What causes pulmonary embolus?

A

Thrombus in deep veins of leg migrating as am embolus to the lung

25
Q

In 2011 how many people were administered to hospital with pulmonary embolus?

A

28,000

26
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolus?

A

Chest and back pain
Difficulty breathing
Coughing blood

27
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?

A

Anticoagulant

28
Q

What are the dental impacts of a patient with pulmonary embolism?

A

Breathless and cannot lie flat

Anticoagulant - blood thinner

Less respiratory reserve therefore care when sedation required

Human Disease (16 decks)

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