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Human Disease > Asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Reversible small airway obstruction

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2
Q

Who can asthma affect?

A

All ages, All genders

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of asthma?

A

Inflammatory
Allergic

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4
Q

Can asthma be life threatening?

A

Yes, significant cause of death in young people

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing
Breathlessness
Cough

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6
Q

When someone has asthma what can cause their breathlessness?

A

Exercise
Cold
Emotion

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7
Q

When someone has asthma what can trigger their cough?

A

Exercise
Cold

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8
Q

How would a person with asthma be assessed?

A

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

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9
Q

How does PEFR work?

A

Plotted by sex, age and height
Classically poorer result in morning should be done later

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10
Q

What may cause asthma?

A

Allergens
Irritants
Excretion
NSAIDS
Emotion

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11
Q

What are the signs on asthma getting worse?

A

Restricted activity
Worsening of symptoms
Frequent use of inhaler (SABA)
Low PEFR score

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12
Q

How is moderate acute asthma measured?

A

PEFR - 50-75%

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13
Q

How is acute severe asthma measured?

A

PEFR 33-50%

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14
Q

How is life threatening asthma measured?

A

PEFR <33%

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15
Q

In a medical emergency someone has moderate active asthma. What do you do?

A

Give salbutamol + reassess

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16
Q

Someone has PEFR score of 33-50%.
Their respiratory rate is >25/min.
Their heart rate is >110/min
They cannot complete a sentence

What type of asthma is this and what do you do?

A

Acute severe asthma

Phone 999
Give salbutamol
Give Oxygen

17
Q

Someone has a PEFR score of <33%
Their sPo2 level is <92%
Their PaO2 score is <8 kPa

What type of asthma is this and what do you do?

A

Life threatening asthma

Phone 999
Give salbutamol
Give oxygen

18
Q

What is SpO2?

A

Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter

19
Q

What is PaO2?

A

Partial arterial pressure of oxygen

20
Q

What is KpA?

A

Kilopascals

21
Q

what is PaCO2?

A

Partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide

22
Q

In a medical emergency of asthma in the dental setting what do you do?

A

ABCDE approach
Salbutamol - 2 - 10 puffs with spacer
Phone 999
High flow oxygen
Repeat salbutamol every 10 minutes

23
Q

Oral side effects of inhaled therapy

A

Candidiasis
Altered taste
Dry mouth

24
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (COPD)

A

Airway obstruction that is not reversible and progressive over time

25
Q

What causes COPD

A

Smoking
Air pollution (sometimes)

26
Q

How is COPD diagnosed?

A

History
Exam
Spirometer

27
Q

What are the symptoms of COPD?

A

Breathlessness
Wheeze - constant
Chronic cough
Frequent infections

28
Q

What is SABA?

A

Short acting beta - agonist

29
Q

What is LABA?

A

long acting beta - agonist

30
Q

What is LAMA?

A

long acting muscarinic antagonist

31
Q

What is ICS?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

32
Q

Common SABA medicines?

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline

33
Q

Common LABA medicines?

A

Formoteral
Salmeterol
Vilanterol

34
Q

Common LAMA medicines?

A

Tioteopium
Glycopyrronium
Aclidinium

35
Q

Common ICS medicines

A

Beclomethasone
Futicasone

36
Q

Some people with COPD will have home oxygen - how does this work?

A

Via nasal cannulae
Can use face mask (very drying to oral tissues)
Cylinder canister

37
Q

Medical emergency for COPD?

A

ABCDE approach
Sit the patient up
Salbutamol - 2 puffs via spaced
Oxygen delivery

38
Q

What should oxygen stats be?

A

88-92%

39
Q

How is COPD different to asthma?

A

Symptoms under age 35
Asthma - common
COPD - uncommon

Night time waking due to cough or wheeze
Asthma - common
COPD - uncommon

Human Disease (16 decks)

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