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Physiology Exam III > Respiratory Mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

The rib cage helps sustain _____ around the lung

A

negative pressure

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2
Q

What is the main muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

What role does the diaphragm have in expiration

A

little

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4
Q

What happens if the diaphragm is paralyzed or if there is an abscess

A

accessory muscles hav eto employed

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5
Q

The contraction of intercostal muscles is a clinical sign of what

A

dyspnea

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6
Q

Visible contraction of scaleni and SCM is indicative of what

A

dyspnea

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7
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration

A

scaleni and SCM

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8
Q

Normally, expiration is what type of process

A

passive

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9
Q

What are the most important muscles of expiration

A

abdominal muscles

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10
Q

What is the pleural pressure

A

pressure of the pleural fluid - normally is slightly negative

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11
Q

What is the alveolar pressure

A

pressure of air inside the lung alveoli

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12
Q

What happens to the pleural pressure during inspiration

A

expansion of chest cage pulls outward on lungs, creating more negative pressure

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13
Q

What happens to the alveolar pressure during inspiration

A

falls slightly below atmospheric pressure in oder to pull air into aveoli

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14
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure

A

difference between alveolar pressure and pleaurel pressure

message of elastic forces in lungs that tend to collapse the lungs

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15
Q

What are some problems with alveoli that can cause pleural effusion

A

atelectasis

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16
Q

Breathing sequence during inspiration

A
  1. brain initaes
  2. impulse goes to inspiratory muscles
  3. diagraph contracts
  4. thoarcic volume increases
  5. intrapleural pressure become more negative
  6. alveolar trasmural pressure gradient increases
  7. alveoli expaind
  8. alveolar pressure falls below atmosphere, establishing a pressure gradient for airflow
17
Q

Breathing sequence during expiration

A
  1. brain ceases inspiratory command
  2. inspiratory muscles relax
  3. thoracic volume decreases, causing intrapleural pressure to become less negative and decreasing the alveolar transmural pressure gradent
  4. decrease alveolar trasmural pressure allows increased alveolar elastic recoli
  5. alveolar pressure increases above atmospheric pressure
18
Q

What is lung complicance/

A

extend to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

19
Q

How is complicance related to elasticity

A

inverse

20
Q

How is compliance determed

A

elastic forces of lung tissue (elastin and collagen)

elastic forces of surface tension

21
Q

How is the pressure tending to collapse an alveolus related to surface tension

A

directly proportional

22
Q

Large alveolus has a _____ collapsing pressure

A

low

23
Q

small alveous will have a ______ collapsing pressure

A

high

24
Q

Function of surfactant

A

decreases surface tension on alveolar aqueous surface, prevents atelectasis

25
Q

Mechanism of action for surfactant

A

surfant molecules align on alveolar surface, intermolecular forces between surfactant molecules break up the attracting forces between liquid molecules ling the alveoli.

26
Q

What is infantile respiratory distress syndrome

A

neonates with ineffective lecthin, have respiratory distress upon delivery.

27
Q

At functional residual capacity what do the lungs want to do

A

collapse

28
Q

At functional residual capacity what does the chest wall want to do

A

expand

29
Q

What are the effects of increased lung compliance

A 
loss of elastic fibers in lungs
lung compliance increases
steeper slope of pressure volume curve
higher FRC
barrel shaped chest
30
Q

What are the effects of decreased lung compliance

A

kyphosis

concave front chest (pectus excavatum)

31
Q

What is pumonary resistance

A

resistance to airflow

32
Q

How do you calculate resistance to airflow

A

(8 x viscosity of inspirted air x length of airway) / (pi x radius of airway ^4)

Physiology Exam III (10 decks)

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