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Physiology > Respiratory Mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main objectives of a breathing apparatus?

A
  1. Large thin interface between air and blood
  2. Deliver air and blood over the interface as efficiently as possible
  3. Keep the interface clean and dry
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2
Q

What is the main muscle of inspiration?

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm, Intercostal muscles, Scalenes, sternocleidomastoids

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4
Q

What are the muscles of exhalation?

A

Abdominal muscles,

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5
Q

What happens when the external intercostals are flexed?

A

ribs raised

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6
Q

What is your indication for problem with inspiration?

A

visible contraction of the scalenes/sternocleidomastoid

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7
Q

If there is any problem with respiration…

A

…you get pnemonia easier

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8
Q

How does the intrapleural space keep a suction to keep the lungs expanded?

A

Negative pressure.

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9
Q

Why is the pressure difference between the pleural space and alveoli important? (transmural pressure)

A

The higher the alveolar pressure and the lower the intrapleural pressure the better. bigger difference=better elastic recoil.

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10
Q

What dictates air flow?

A

pressure differences

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11
Q

Is the transpulmonary pressure larger during inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspriation

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12
Q

Is expiration usually passive or active?

A

PAssive. If you see someone struggling to exhale = PROBLEM!

Asthma, Bronchitis, COPD

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13
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

For elastic things, there is a linear relationship between length and force until limit is reached

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14
Q

What is the definition of Lung compliance?

A

The extent to which the lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

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15
Q

What are the determinants for lung compliance?

A

Elastic forces of lung tissue (elastin, collagen) and elastic forces of surface tension

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16
Q

What is the relationship between elasticity a nd compliance?

A

Elasticity is the inverse of compliance

17
Q

What is Laplace’s law?

A

Collapsing pressure=2 x alveolar surface tension/radius

with surfactant the collapsing pressure decreases significantly.

18
Q

Does surfactant increase or decrease surface tension?

A

Decrease

19
Q

What is the main component of surfactant?

A

Lecithin, prevents atelectasis (collapsing)

20
Q

How do they measure lung maturity in fetus’?

A

Measuring Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio in the amniotic fluid.

21
Q

How does one get infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

Premature birth or insufficient lecithin

22
Q

How do you measure lung compliance in a live patient?

A

YOU DONT! you always measure the combined lung/chest wall compliance. always work together

23
Q

How does lung compliance change with emphysema?

A 
Increased compliance. Less elastic fibers=less pullback from the lungs. 
steeper slope of pressure-volume curve
barrell shape chest
higher FRV
Breathe higher volumes
24
Q

How does chest wall compliance change with kyphosis or pectus excavatum?

A

Decreased chest wall compliance.

25
Q

How does lung compliance change as result of Restrictive lung disease?

A

Decreased lung compliance.
decreased slope on pressure volume curve
Lower FRV
Collapsed alveoli, Pulmonary edema, Lung fibrosis

26
Q

What is the easiest way to change pulmonary resistance?

A

Change the radius of the airway

27
Q

In cases like asthma or bronchitis, where the bronchiolar size decreases, what happens to resistance?

A

Increases

28
Q

What happens to resistance with parasympathetic activation?

A

Increased resistance (M3 activation)

29
Q

What happens to resistance with sympathetic activation?

A

Decreased resistance (B2 actiavtion)

30
Q

What happens to resistance when you are exercising and your volume increases?

A

Decreased resistance

31
Q

Resistance equation

A

Pulmonary resistance=(Air viscosity x length of airway)/radius

Physiology (9 decks)

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