Overview of Restrictive Pulmonary DIsorders Flashcards
What is the cause of restrictive pulmonary disorders?
Decreased expansion of the lungs
What are the main classifiations of restrictive lung disorders?
Lung Parenchyma Disorders,
Pleural space disorders,
Neurmuscular, chest wall, and obestity disorders
Infection or Inflammation of the lung
What are the subcategories for Lung parenchyma disorders?
Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases
Atelectatic disorders
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome fits into which category?
Atelectatic disorders
How do you characterize ARDS?
damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane
widespread infiltrates and dyspnea
ARDS is associated with what other problems?
trauma, SEPSIS, ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC ACID, fat emboli, shock
How do you diagnose ARDS?
Low PaO2 that is refractory to supplemental O2 therapy
what is the mortality of ARDS?
30-60%
What are three key pathological features of ARDS?
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (due to damage in the capillary membrane, NOT hydrostatic pressure),
Atelectasis (due to lack of surfactant),
Fibrosis (inflammatory deposition of protein)
What are some common findings of ARDS?
Severe hypoxemia - intrapulmonary shunting
Decrease in lung compliance
Decrease in Functional Reserve Capacity
Diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on xray (white out)
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
What is the treatment of ARDS?
Mostly supportive (enhance tissue oxygenation until resolution) - Volume ventilator, Mechanical ventilation (with PEEP), supplemental O2(too much(greater than 60%)=atelectasis)
High Frequency Jet Ventilation (prevents further alveolar damage)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide (Bronchodilation)
identify and correct underlying cause
Maintain fluid/electrolyte balance(not too much-edema)
Block system inflammatory cells
