Respiratory: - Lecture 6. Giving the diagnosis.

Question 1

What surgeries are there to treat lung cancer?

Answer 1

Pneumonectomy
Lobectomy
Minimal Access Video Assisted Surgery.

Question 2

What is considered in TNM staging?

Answer 2

T describes the size of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissue,
N describes nearby (regional) lymph nodes that are involved,
M describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another).

Question 3

What is ECOG performance status?

Answer 3

Scale used to assess how a patient’s disease is progressing, assess how the disease affects the daily living abilities of the patient, and determine appropriate treatment and prognosis.

Question 4

What is the grading used in the ECOG performance status?

Answer 4

Grade 0: Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction

Grade 1 : Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature, e.g., light house work, office work

Grade 2 : Ambulatory and capable of all selfcare but unable to carry out any work activities. Up and about more than 50% of waking hours

Grade 3 : Capable of only limited selfcare, confined to bed or chair more than 50% of waking hours

Grade 4 : Completely disabled. Cannot carry on any selfcare. Totally confined to bed or chair

Grade 5 : Dead

Question 5

What cancers does cytoxic chemotherapy have the greatest affect on?

Answer 5

Small cell cancers

Question 6

How is cytotoxic chemotherapy viewed as a treatment?

Answer 6

Rarely curative but longer survival.

Question 7

What is the treatment schedule for chemotherapy generally?

Answer 7

Intravenous infusions every 3-4 weeks

Question 8

What are the disadvantages of chemotherapy?

Answer 8

Chemotherapy affects every cell in body.
Chemotherapy requires hospitalisation
Immune system weakened
Side effects

Question 9

What are the side effects of Chemotherapy?

Answer 9

Nausea 
Vomiting 
Tiredness 
Bone marrow suppression
Hair loss

Question 10

What is Radiotherapy?

Answer 10

Ionising radiation that damages cells. Usually x rays

Question 11

What is Photodynamic therapy?

Answer 11

phototherapy using nontoxic light-sensitive compounds that are exposed selectively to light, whereupon they become toxic to targeted malignant and other diseased cells

Question 12

What is the disadvantage to Photodynamic therapy?

Answer 12

Makes patients photosensitive to the sun

Question 13

What is Photodynamic therapy good?

Answer 13

Tumours in one place

- used in urology

Question 14

What should be considered when treating a patient for long cancer?

Answer 14

The Cell type of the cancer
The extent of disease
Co-Morbidities
Patient’s wishes