respiratory infections ACUTE PHARYNGITIS Flashcards
(26 cards)
acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx is called what
acute pharyngitis (strep throat)
what specific group causes strep throat/ acute pharyngitis
group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
what age group is most susceptible to GABHS/ strep throat
children 5-15
when is strep throat most common?
winter and early spring
what is the most common cause of strep throat
group A B-hemolytic streptococci
what are some severe conditions that may occur if strep throat is not treated appropriately
Acute glomerulonephritis Rheumatic Fever Mastoiditis Peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess Otitis media Reactive arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis
What Viruses etiology can cause pharyngitis
Rhinovirus Influenza Cornonavirus Herpes simplex virus Adenovirus Parainfluenza virus Epstein-Barr virus
describe the pathophysiology of transmitting GABHS
- asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers
- carrier has alteration in host immunity
- bacteria migrate and cause infection
what type of test is given to diagnose GABHS and then start treating for antibiotics
- rapid antigen detection tests
2. cultures (Gold standard but take longer)
what is a problem with over testing people for strep throat
many people are carriers and do not need antibiotic treatment since there is no infection
what is the preferred therapy for treating GABHS
penicillin V PO for 10 days
or
1 dose of Penacillin G benzathine
what should be used for patients with penicillin allergies for GABHS
- cephalexin
- cefadroxil
- clindamycin
- azithromycin
- clarithromycin
if patient remains symptomatic after antibiotics when can throat cultures be done
2 to 7 days after completion of antibiotics
what categorizes influenza as influenza type A
influenzatype A is categorized based on surface antigens:
hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3)
neuraminidase (N1, N2)
what type of flue is responsible for the regular, seasonal epidemics of the flu
influenza type A
what type of flu is associated with sporadic outbreaks, particularly among residents of long-term care facilities
influenza type B
how is the flu transmitted
What is the incubation time
How long are people infectious
- respiratory droplets go from one person to another
- incubation period from 1-7 days, 2 days on average
- adults are infectious within 1 day before until 7 days after illness. children can be infectious for 10 days.
how is the flu diagnosed
rapid antigen test RT-PCR test (point of care test) viral cultures (uncommon)
what are the best ways for prevention of the flu
- vaccination
- hand hygiene
- respiratory etiquette
- contact avoidance
- chemoprophylaxis
people younger than what age should not receive a flu vaccine
less than 6 months
all others should be vaccinated annually
what are the age groups for the trivalent vaccine?
for the live-attenuated flu vaccine
trivalent = 6 months or older
live attenuated = 2-49 years old
what type of vaccine can immunocompromised individuals have for the flu
trivalent only, not live-attenuated
what flu vaccine is not recommended for pregnancy
live attenuated is not recommended
trivalent only
how is live-attenuated vaccine administered
intranasally
