fungal infection

Question 1

what single cell organisms are reproduced primarily by budding

Answer 1

yeasts

Question 2

what type of fungi can cause superficial or invasive infections

Answer 2

yeasts

Question 3

what exists as either a yeast or a mold

Answer 3

dimorphic fungi

Question 4

what are multi-cellular colonies that reproduce primarily by disseminating spores

Answer 4

molds

Question 5

what primarily causes invasive disease through inhalation

Answer 5

molds

Question 6

what are 3 factors that determine how a dimorphic fungi exists

Answer 6

1. pathogen
2. site of growth (host vs. lab)
3. temperature

Question 7

what are two different types of fungus yeasts

Answer 7

1. candida

2. cryptococcus

Question 8

what are two different types of dimorphic fungi

Answer 8

1. histoplasma

2. blastomyces

Question 9

what is one class of fungus mold

Answer 9

aspergillus

Question 10

what are two types of fungi pathogenicity

Answer 10

primary - may cause disease in healthy or immunocompromised disease
2. opportunistic - immunocompromised only

Question 11

what are 3 types of opportunistic fungi

Answer 11

1. candidiasis
2. aspergillosis
3. cryptococcosis

Question 12

what are 2 types of primary (pathogenic fungi)

Answer 12

histoplasmosis

blastomycosis

Question 13

what is considered both a pathogenic and opportunistic fungi

Answer 13

cryptococcosis

Question 14

what are 5 types of immunocompromised patients

Answer 14

1. diabetic
2. lymphoreticular/ hematologic malignancies
3. HIV
4. immunosuppressive therapy (including broad spectrum antibiotics)
5. organ transplants

Question 15

what are the 6 most important candida pathogens?

Answer 15

1. C. albicans - 50% of all candida species
2. C. glabrata - common in adults > 65 and res to azoles
3. C. krusei - intrinsically resistant to azoles
4. C. tropicalis - common in deep tissue infection
5. C. parapsilosis - 2nd most common; often in NICU pts
6. C. lusitaniae - rare; often in cancer patients

Question 16

which type of candida pathogen makes up 50% of all candida species

Answer 16

C. albicans

Question 17

which type of candida pathogen is common in adults > 65 yo. and resistant to azoles

Answer 17

C. glabrata

Question 18

which type of candida pathogen is intrinsically resistant to azoles

Answer 18

C. krusei

Question 19

which type of candida pathogen is common in deep tissue infection

Answer 19

C. tropicalis

Question 20

which type of candida pathogen is 2nd most common and often in NICU pts

Answer 20

C. parapsilosis

Question 21

which type of candida pathogen is rare and often in cancer patients

Answer 21

C. lusitaniae

Question 22

what type of candida is susceptivle to azoles

Answer 22

candida albicans

Question 23

candidiasis typicaaly acquired

Answer 23

via the GI tract; but through IV catheters (to bloodstream) are also possible

Question 24

what are the risk factors for candidiasis (7)

Answer 24

1. multiple antibiotics
2. vascular accesses
3. parenteral nutrition
4. ICU stay greater than 7 days
5. candida colonization
6. renal failure
   7 major abdominal surgery

Question 25

where can mucosal colonization of candida take place

Answer 25

1. oro-pharyngeal 2. upper and lower GI 3. genitals 4. urinary tract.