Respiratory, Immune & Circulatory Systems Flashcards
What is systolic blood pressure?
When the ventricles contract. Systolic blood pressure is the higher number on a reading
What is diastolic blood pressure?
When the ventricles are relaxed. Diastolic blood pressure is the lower number on a reading.
What is vasoconstriction?
Vasodilation is when the diameter of the arterioles restricts blood flow
What is vasodilation?
Vasoconstriction is when arterioles open wider to increase blood flow.
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that are only one layer of cells thick and they facilitate the diffusion of nutrients, gases, and waste in tissue
What are veins?
Veins are what transfer deoxygenated blood back towards your heart. They are medium in size
What are arteries?
Arteries are vessels that carry high-pressure blood away from the heart. They are very thick and carry blood away at high speeds
What are the different types of plasma?
The Fluid Component takes up 55% of blood volume with things like fluids, proteins, glucose, gases, etc.
The Cell Component takes up the other 45% of the blood and is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
What are erythrocytes and some of their characteristics?
Erythrocytes are red blood cells that carry oxygen using hemoglobin. Red blood cells come from bone marrow and can last up to 120 days.
What are leukocytes, and some of their characteristics?
Leukocytes are white blood cells, and they are responsible for immune system responses. They come from the thymus and bone marrow
What are platelets and some of their characteristics?
Platelets float through blood vessels and catch on broken vessel walls to begin blood clotting. They are formed from stem cell cytoplasm and bone marrow.
What is blood clotting?
Blood clotting maintains homeostasis by preventing massive blood loss
What are the functions of blood?
- Transport
- Homeostatic Regulation
What does the blood transport?
Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, wastes away from tissues, and hormones, plasma and other substances throughout the body
What is homeostatic regulation?
Homeostatic regulation helps with temperature regulation, pH regulation, bicarbonate and hydrogen balance, and vasoconstriction/vasodilation
What do the capillaries exchange?
Capillaries exchange materials between our blood and our cells using their combined surface area of 6300 meters squared
What are cells surrounded by?
Interstitial fluid
What is hemophilia?
When a person is missing one of the clotting factors within the platelets, so that the blood does not clot. A small cut or scrape could be fatal to a person with hemophilia because they have the potential to bleed out
What is leukemia?
An overproduction of white blood cells leading to cancer.
What is anemia?
When a person is lacking iron for hemoglobin, meaning they will have fewer red blood cells
What is the lymphatic system?
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, glands, and nodes spread throughout the body.
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- Help maintain the balance of bodily fluids
- Works with white blood cells to protect the body from infection
- Contains macrophages which trap and destroy bacteria
What are the three different parts of the human defense system?
- The General Barriers
- Non-Specific Defenses
- Specific Defenses
What are the General Barriers?
They are the first line of defense for the body. They prevent organisms from entering, using things like tears, mucous, stomach acid, and enzymes in an attempt to destroy the first signs of bacteria/disease