Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Muscle Types > Flashcards

Muscle Types Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Smooth, Cardiac & Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the properties of smooth muscle tissue?

A

Non-striated and contract involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is smooth muscle tissue found?

A

In the walls of internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the properties of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Striated and contract involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where can cardiac muscle tissue be found?

A

In the walls of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the properties of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Striated and contract voluntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where can skeletal muscle tissue be found?

A

Attached to the bones of the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four main functions of skeletal muscles?

A

-They support the body
-Make bones move
-Maintain body temperature
-Help protect the internal organs and stabilize joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do skeletal muscles pull or push?

A

All skeletal muscles pull and cannot push

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do skeletal muscles work?

A

They work in antagonistic pairs which means they react opposite of each other. When one muscle contracts, the other will relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are skeletal muscles made of?

A

Bundles of muscle fibres made of myofilaments which are proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of myofilaments?

A

Actin (thin filament) and Myosin (thick filament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the properties of the myosin

A

They are protein molecules wound together and they have “heads that stick out”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the myosin head attach to?

A

The actin filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the sliding filament model?

A

As a muscle contracts, the actin “slides” past the myosin. This is known as the sliding filament model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the “Z line?”

A

A “Z” line is a striated muscle. When a muscle contracts, the actin moves along with it and the Z line also moves

17
Q

What prevents myosin heads from binding to an actin when a muscle is relaxed?

A

A protein called tropomyosin

18
Q

What is tropomyosin similar to?

A

A competitive inhibitor in an enzyme

19
Q

How can the tropomyosin be moved to open up the binding site?

A

It can be moved by another protein called troponin which actives when bonded to Calcium

20
Q

What is the first step of the sliding filament theory?

A

A nerve impulse is sent from the central nervous system

21
Q

What is the second step of the SFT?

A

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and diffuse into the sarcoplasm

22
Q

What is the third step of the SFT?

A

Calcium binds to troponin (a protein) and troponin moves tropomyosin off of the actin binding sites

23
Q

What is the fourth step of the SFT?

A

Once troponin has cleared the binding sites, a myosin head attaches to the actin and pulls it to the centre of the sarcomere in a power stroke.

24
Q

What is the fifth step of the SFT?

A

Myosin pulls the actin to shorten the muscle

25
Q

What is the sixth step of the SFT?

A

Calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

What is the seventh step of the SFT?

A

Tropomyosin goes back to block the binding sites and myosin releases

27
Q

What is the final step of the SFT?

A

The muscle will either lengthen or relax

28
Q

How does the power stroke gain energy?

A

From the hydrolysis of ATP

29
Q

What are the skeletal muscle fibre types?

A

Slow, intermediate and fast

30
Q

What are the qualities of the slow twitch muscle?

A

-They use aerobic cell resp
-They have lots of mitochondria and are red in colour
-Their rate of fatigue is slow
-They are used for endurance activities (marathons)

31
Q

What are the qualities of the intermediate muscle?

A

-They use both aerobic and anaerobic cell resp
-They have a medium amount of mitochondria and are pink
-They fatigue at a medium rate
-They are used for activities that require bursts of power and endurance (hockey)

32
Q

What are the qualities of the fast twitch muscle?

A

-They use anaerobic cell resp (lactic acid)
-They have very few mitochondria and are white
-They fatigue very quickly
-They are used for quick power activities (sprinting)

33
Q

What are the 5 main pathologies (muscular system disorders?)

A

Fibromyalgia, Myositis, DOMS, hypertrophy, atrophy

34
Q

What is fibromyalgia

A

A chronic disorder that causes muscle pain and tenderness with no known cause. Possible causes could be genetic or physical stress.

35
Q

What is myositis?

A

A genetic disorder that causes extreme muscle fatigue, difficulty climbing stairs, raising arms etc. There is no cure and no way to prevent this.

36
Q

What is DOMS?

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. This is caused by overworking a muscle during intense exercise. The soreness and pain tends to show up 1-2 days after exercise

37
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

A rare muscle condition that causes the size of muscles to increase. The actin and the myosin get bigger.

38
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The thinning of muscle tissue over time that can cause one limb to be smaller than another and potentially end up handicapping an individual

39
Q

What is a muscle twitch?

A

When a muscle is stimulated to a certain degree and contracts too quickly or “twitches”

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions