Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Respiratory, Immune & Circulatory System > Flashcards

Respiratory, Immune & Circulatory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

When the ventricles contract. Systolic blood pressure is the higher number on a reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

When the ventricles are relaxed. Diastolic blood pressure is the lower number on a reading.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Vasodilation is when the diameter of the arterioles restricts blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Vasoconstriction is when arterioles open wider to increase blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels that are only one layer of cells thick and they facilitate the diffusion of nutrients, gases, and waste in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are veins?

A

Veins are what transfer deoxygenated blood back towards your heart. They are medium in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are arteries?

A

Arteries are vessels that carry high-pressure blood away from the heart. They are very thick and carry blood away at high speeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of plasma?

A

The Fluid Component takes up 55% of blood volume with things like fluids, proteins, glucose, gases, etc.

The Cell Component takes up the other 45% of the blood and is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are erythrocytes and some of their characteristics?

A

Erythrocytes are red blood cells that carry oxygen using hemoglobin. Red blood cells come from bone marrow and can last up to 120 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are leukocytes, and some of their characteristics?

A

Leukocytes are white blood cells, and they are responsible for immune system responses. They come from the thymus and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are platelets and some of their characteristics?

A

Platelets float through blood vessels and catch on broken vessel walls to begin blood clotting. They are formed from stem cell cytoplasm and bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is blood clotting?

A

Blood clotting maintains homeostasis by preventing massive blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Homeostatic Regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the blood transport?

A

Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, wastes away from tissues, and hormones, plasma and other substances throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is homeostatic regulation?

A

Homeostatic regulation helps with temperature regulation, pH regulation, bicarbonate and hydrogen balance, and vasoconstriction/vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the capillaries exchange?

A

Capillaries exchange materials between our blood and our cells using their combined surface area of 6300 meters squared

17
Q

What are cells surrounded by?

A

Interstitial fluid

18
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

When a person is missing one of the clotting factors within the platelets, so that the blood does not clot. A small cut or scrape could be fatal to a person with hemophilia because they have the potential to bleed out

19
Q

What is leukemia?

A

An overproduction of white blood cells leading to cancer.

20
Q

What is anemia?

A

When a person is lacking iron for hemoglobin, meaning they will have fewer red blood cells

21
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, glands, and nodes spread throughout the body.

22
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Help maintain the balance of bodily fluids
  2. Works with white blood cells to protect the body from infection
  3. Contains macrophages which trap and destroy bacteria
23
Q

What are the three different parts of the human defense system?

A
  1. The General Barriers
  2. Non-Specific Defenses
  3. Specific Defenses
24
Q

What are the General Barriers?

A

They are the first line of defense for the body. They prevent organisms from entering, using things like tears, mucous, stomach acid, and enzymes in an attempt to destroy the first signs of bacteria/disease

25
Q

What are the Non-Specific Defenses?

A

They are also known as cell-mediated immunity. They have macrophages that kill all bacteria by engulfing them. They also have natural killer cells like sleep and fever

26
Q

What are the Specific Defenses?

A

The specific defenses use antibodies and antigens that can target very specific areas and memorize/identify different pathogens

27
Q

What are T cells in lymphocytes?

A

T cells are produced in the thymus. They send a signal indicating that there are foreign invaders trying to attack

28
Q

What are B cells in lymphocytes?

A

B cells produce Y-shaped antibodies

29
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Antibodies are proteins that recognize (detect) foreign substances and either neutralize or destroy them. Antibodies are like an arrest warrant for a stolen object.

30
Q

What are antigens?

A

Antigens are molecules that are found on the surface of the cells and on the pathogens. They provide an identification system. Antigens are like fingerprints or clues on a stolen object.

31
Q

True or False, antibodies are incapable of changing their shape to block toxins from entering cells.

A

False, antibodies are very capable of changing their shape to prevent toxic substances from entering cells. They are an example of a competitive inhibitor.

32
Q

What are helper T cells?

A

Helper T cells read the antigen shape and release lymphokine

33
Q

What are memory T cells?

A

Memory T cells produce copies of the invader antigens so that they can be identified more easily in the future

34
Q

What are all of the different blood types?

A

A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+, O+, O-

35
Q

What is the rhesus factor?

A

The rhesus factor is a second antigen that can be found in red blood cells. A person can either be Rh positive, meaning that they have the antigen and Rh negative, meaning It is not present

36
Q

How can the rhesus factor cause problems in pregnancy?

A

Complications will occur if the mom has any type of negative blood and the baby has a positive blood type. When born, the mom will begin to produce antibodies against the Rh+ blood of their baby which can cause significant issues like blood clumping and death

37
Q

What is an autoimmune disorder?

A

This is when the immune system attacks its cells, mistaking them for foreign invaders. Type 1 diabetes is an example of this

38
Q

What are allergies?

A

Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance such as dust or pet dander.

39
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

Phagocytes clean up any dead or injured remaining T and B cells

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions