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Anatomy Final > Respiratory II > Flashcards

Respiratory II Flashcards

1
Q

3 portions of respiratory system

A

air conducting = conditions inspired air
respiratory = gas exchange
ventilation = insp/exp thoracic cage

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2
Q

air conduction portion

A

warmed by venous plexus and hoisted by secretions of seromucous glands in GOBLET cells

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3
Q

nasal conchae

A

turbulence to help warm and moisten air

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4
Q

pharynx, where does it begin and end

A

begin: base of skull
end: inferior cricoid cartilage C6

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5
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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6
Q

larynx

A

anterior neck, windpipe

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7
Q

functions of larynx

A

phonation, cough reflex, protect lower respiratory tract

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8
Q

3 parts of larynx

A

supra glottis
glottis
subglottis

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9
Q

supra glottis

A

epiglottis to false VC (vestibular folds)

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10
Q

glottis

A

VCs and 1cm below

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11
Q

rima glottidis

A

opening between VCs

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12
Q

subglottis

A

inferior glottis to inferior cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage behind tongue, at top of larynx

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14
Q

clinical relevance of larynx

A

emergency intubation, apply cricoid pressure to cricoid of larynx to occlude esophagus and prevent regurgitation of gastric contents

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15
Q

laryngeal muscles

A

phonation and breathing

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16
Q

3 UNPAIRED cartilages

A

epi, thy, cri

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17
Q

3 paired cartilages

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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18
Q

is the larynx continuous with the trachea?

A

yes, opens superiorly into trachea

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19
Q

cricothyroid muscle: innervated by what

A

external laryngeal nerve (CN X)

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20
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A

abducts vocal folds, sole opener of vocal folds

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21
Q

clinical relevance = vocal cord paralysis. what is the movement of VC controlled by?
what is it innervated by?

A

movement of VC is controlled by intrinsic muscles of larynx
innervated by: RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
(motor innervation to all laryngeal except cricothyroid)

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22
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy: causes

A

thyroid cancer
apical lung tumor
aortic aneurysm

23
Q

unilateral RLN palsy

A

one VC, speech not affected

hoarseness

24
Q

bilateral RLN palsy

A

both VCs paralyzed
breathing impaired
no phonation
if rima glottidis closes –> emergency

25
Q

what are the trachea and bronchi supported by

A

C-shaped rings

26
Q

what does the trachea bifurcate into

A

main bronchi (primary, mainstem)

27
Q

right mainstem bronchi

A

shorter & wider

develops week 4 with laryngeal diverticulum

28
Q

primary R and L bronchi

A

R and L lungs

29
Q

carina

A

separates right and left primary bronchi

30
Q

secondary/lobar bronchi

A 
# of lobes 
R=3, L=2
31
Q

What are the right and left lungs separated by

A

middle mediastinum = heart and great vessels

32
Q

right lung

A

horizontal and oblique fissure

larger, shorter, wider

33
Q

surface impressions on R lung

A 
azygous
R brachiocephalic
SVC
esophagus
heart
34
Q

what does horizontal fissure separate on R lung

A

upper and middle lobe

35
Q

what does oblique fissure separate on R lung

A

lower from upper and middle

36
Q

left lung, what are the 2 unique features

A

oblique fissure
2 unique features:
1. cardiac notch on upper lobe
2. lingula (analogous to middle lobe of R lung)

37
Q

what does oblique fissure separate on L lung

A

lower and upper

38
Q

surface impressions on L lung

A

esophagus
thoracic aorta
L SC
heart

39
Q

hilum of lung

A

doorway; area where structure forming the root of the lung actually touches lung tissue

40
Q

main primary bronchi

A

C-shaped rings
R = wider and more vertical than left, 2-3cm
ASPIRATED OBJECTS LODGE MORE R THAN L

L = narrower and more horizontal, 5cm

41
Q

lobar secondary bronchi

A

crescent shaped rings

= # of lobes

42
Q

tertiary segmental bronchi

A

cresent shaped rings
R = 10
L = 8
bronchopulmonary segment = unit of lung tissue

43
Q

blood supply: lungs

A

Lungs supplied with DE-OX via paired pulm arteries

once OX, leaves lungs via 4 pulm veins

44
Q

blood supply: bronchi/roots/tissues

A

bronchial arteries, descending aorta

45
Q

innervation: lungs
parasympathetic
sympathetic
visceral afferent/sensory

A

derived pulmonary plexuses
PARA = vagus = vasoD, secretion, contract bronchial sm. m

SYMPATHETIC = sympathetic trunks (cardiopulmonary, thoracic splanchnic = relax sm. m, vasoC

VISCERAL = conduct pain impulse to sensory ganglia of vagus (REFLEX)

46
Q

lymphatic drainage: lungs

A

lymph –> pulm nodes –> bronchopulmonary nodes (hilum) –> tracheobronchial nodes –> L/R bronchomediastinal trunks

47
Q

visceral pleura of lungs: function
blood supply
veins
nerve supply

A

=covers lungs
blood supply = bronchial artery
veins = azygous/hemiazygous v.
nerve supply = NONE

48
Q

parietal pleura of lungs: function
blood supply
veins
nerve supply

A

= covers internal surface of thoracic cavity
blood supply =
1. cervical, costal = intercostal
2. diaphragmatic = intercostal (peripheral), pericardiacophrenic (central tendon)
3. mediastinal = pericardiacophrenic

veins: drain companion veins of arterial supply
nerve:

49
Q

pleural cavity

A

between visceral and parietal layer

50
Q

pleural recesses

A

where parietal pleurae can oppose

occupied by lungs only on forced/deep inspiration

51
Q

why are the pleural recesses important

A

fluid collects in disease areas for aspiration and or drain fluid

52
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

between costal and mediastinal pleurae, ant. border of lung

deep insp

53
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae, along inf. border of lung
deep insp

Anatomy Final (6 decks)

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