Cardiovascular II

Question 1

Aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 1

spiral outflow tract, divides semilunar valves

Question 2

Abnormalities with aorticopulmonary system (4)

Answer 2

1. Truncus arteriosus
2. TGA = transposition great arteries
3. TOF = tetralogy of Fallot
4. Pulmonary stenosis

Question 3

truncus arteriosus

Answer 3

no septum formation

conotrocal ridges don’t fuse, too much blood flow to lungs, increase CV effort systemically

mild cyanosis and signs of HF

share outflow between aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 4

TGA

Answer 4

transposition of great arteries

abnormal rotation/malformation of AP septum

RV joins aorta; LV joins pulm. trunk

Question 5

TOF

Answer 5

tetralogy of Fallot
unequal division, insufficient amounts of ox blood bumped to body

1. narrow pulm valve
2. thick RV wall
3. displaced aorta over VSD
4. VSD between LV and RV

Question 6

Pulmonary stenosis

Answer 6

thickened valve, small valve opening = unequal division

RV outflow obstruction

valve absent = RV underdeveloped
Less severe = RV normal size

Question 7

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 7

vascular structure that connects PULM TRUNK and PROX DESCENDING AORTA

ESSENTIAL FETAL STRUCTURE TO BYPASS LUNGS
(abnormal if it remains patent after born)

Question 8

ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 8

fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus

left pulm artery and inferior aortic arch

Question 9

where are the major coronary arteries

Answer 9

epicardium (visceral layer of serous myocardium) in grooves (AV, IV) between chambers of heart

Question 10

What does RCA supply

Answer 10

RA
RV 
post 1/3 IV septum 
SAN 
AVN

Question 11

4 branches of RCA

Answer 11

SAN
R. marginal
AVN
posterior interventricular

Question 12

LCA supplies….

Answer 12

LA 
LV 
ant 2/3 IV septum 
AVN (10-20%)
SAN (40% via circumflex branch)

Question 13

2 branches of LCA

Answer 13

anterior interventricular
= Left Anterior Desc (LAD)
circumflex
= left marginal

Question 14

how to determine R vs. L dominant heart

Answer 14

defined by artery that gives rise to POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

RCA = 67%
LCA = 15%
co-dominant = 18%

Question 15

heart is drained by veins that dump into the _______

Answer 15

coronary sinus

Question 16

what does the coronary sinus run towards

Answer 16

right side, RA

Question 17

where is the great cardiac vein

Answer 17

under LA
accompanies LAD and follows circumflex

joins with oblique v. on back, immediately after… smooth muscle turns to cardiac muscle = coronary sinus

Question 18

where is small cardiac vein

Answer 18

under RA

Question 19

where is middle cardiac vein

Answer 19

between RV and LV

Question 20

locate the cardiac veins and coronary sinus

Answer 20

label