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Anatomy Final > Cardiovascular I > Flashcards

Cardiovascular I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart, including chambers and valves

A 
DE-OX blood IN the RA via vena cavae
Tricuspid AV valve 
RV 
SL pulmonary valve 
**De-ox blood goes thru pulmonary artery to LUNGS 
OX blood in LA via pulmonary veins 
Mitral/Bicuspid AV valve 
LV 
SL aortic valve 
aortic arch
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2
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

AV valve

Between RA and RV

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3
Q

Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)

A

AV valve

Between LA and LV

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4
Q

Name the 3 openings of the RA

A

1) SVC
2) IVC
3) coronary sinus

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5
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

semilunar valve

RV to lungs

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6
Q

Aortic valve

A

semilunar valve

LV to aorta

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7
Q

What is the most muscular chamber of heart?

A

LV

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8
Q

What are the roles of the pericardium

A

fibrous fluid filled sac…

  • prevents overfilling of blood
  • anchors heart
  • protects heart
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9
Q

What is the outer layer of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

dense CT

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10
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

inner serous part of pericardium
in between PARIETAL and VISCERAL
**CONTAINS A THIN FILM OF FLUID SO HEART CAN MOVE AND BEAT IN FRICTIONLESS ENVIRONMENT

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11
Q

Cardiac tapenade

A

when blood leaks into pericardial cavity and compresses the heart

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12
Q

Blood supply to pericardium

A

pericardiacophrenic arteries
musculophrenic arteries
thoracic aorta (brachial, eso, superior phrenic)
coronary arteries (to visceral only)

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13
Q

Innervation: pericardium: somatic sensory

A

fibrous and parietal

via PHRENIC nerves C3-C5

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14
Q

Innervation: pericardium: visceral sensory

A

epicardium (insensitive to pain)

via CARDIAC PLEXUSES

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15
Q

Label the external anatomy of heart

A

label

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16
Q

If stabbed in left 2nd intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

pulmonary valve

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17
Q

if stabbed in left 4th intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

RV

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18
Q

if stabbed in left 5th intercostal space, what part of heart is affected?

A

apex, mitral valve

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19
Q

Layers of heart from external to internal

A 
fibrous pericardium 
parietal 
pericardial cavity 
epicardium (visceral)
myocardium 
endocardium
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20
Q

Right Atrium what are the 2 parts

A

1) sinus venarum
=recieves vena cave and coronary sinus
2) pectinate muscles
= divided by crista terminalis

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21
Q

what is the interatrial septum

A

divides RA and LA

fossa ovalis is here (remains of foramen ovale)

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22
Q

How does RV receive its blood

A

receives blood from RA via R AV orifice

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23
Q

what is the RV guarded by

A

tricuspid valve

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24
Q

where does the blood in RV go

A

through pulmonary valve to lungs in a U-shaped path 140 degrees

25
Q

Features of ventricles

A

trabeculae carnae = rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.

***These are different from the pectinate muscles, which are present in the atria of the heart.

-finer and more numerous in LV than RV

26
Q

how does LV receive its blood

A

from LA via L AV orifice

27
Q

what is LV guarded by

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

28
Q

Is the RV or LV thicker?

A

LV (2x thicker than RV)

29
Q

Features of LV

A

aortic vestibule = leads to aorta

aortic valve = guards ascending aorta

30
Q

where does blood from LV go

A

thru LV, 2 right turns, 180 change in direction to aorta via aortic valve

31
Q

Right AV valve: structure and function

A

Structure:

  • tricuspid = 3 cusps (ant, post, septal)
  • papillary muscles (ant, post, septal)
  • chordinae tendinae

Function of VALVE = PREVENTS BACKFLOW INTO ATRIA DURING VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE)

Function of papillary and chordae = prevent cusps from prolapsing into the aorta

function of chordae tendineae is to anchor the AV valves to ventricular papillary muscles and keep the AV valves in a closed position during ventricular systole to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria

during systole taut & contract (holds in closed position)

32
Q

During systole, describe valves and papillary, chordae tendinae

A

AV closed
SL open
chordinae taut
papillary contract

33
Q

During diastole, describe valves and papillary, chordae tendinae

A

AV open
SL closed
chordinae slack
papillary relax

34
Q

Left AV valve

A

mitral/bicuspid = 2 cusps (ant, post)

most commonly diseased valve

papillary muscles (ant, post)
chordinae tendinae
35
Q

Function chordinae tendinae

A

function of chordae tendineae is to anchor the AV valves to ventricular papillary muscles and keep the AV valves in a closed position (by being taut) during ventricular systole to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria

36
Q

What does prolapse of Left AV valve cause

A

errodes endothelial surfaces of valve, predisposed to endocardial infections

RESULTS IN ENLARGED LA because blood leaks back into LA

37
Q

Formation of interatrial septum

A

1) septum primum
2) foramen/ostium primum before septum premum fuses
3) foramen ovale (septum and foramen secundum)
4) flap valve
5) blood RA –> LA (bypass lungs)
* in fetus the lungs are not inflated, baby receives oxygenated blood from mom via umbilical vein

38
Q

Foramen ovale

A

shunts blood RA to LA to bypass lungs in fetus

39
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

A

25% of individuals

if large, OX blood shunted into RA, overloads pulmonary system and ENLARGES RA, RV, and pulm trunk

40
Q

Ventricular Septal Defects

A

25% of all congenital heart defects
most are in muscular portion (these spontaneously close)
membranous defects corrected surgically

41
Q

Function of semilunar valves

A

prevent back flow into ventricles during ventricular relaxation (diastole)

  • aortic valve
  • pulmonary valve

3 cup-like cusps

AV open
SL closed

42
Q

Function of AV valves

A

prevent back flow into atria during contraction (systole)
AV closed
SL open

43
Q

Conducting system of heart

A

1) SAN = initiates cardiac m. contraction, HR
2) AVN = delays impulse
3) Bundle of His
4) RBB, LBB
5) Purkinje fibers

44
Q

Can the heart contract without any innervation?

A

Yes, that is why we can do heart transplants

45
Q

Sympathetic Cardiac Innervation

A

increase HR, increase force of contraction

Blood flow –> CA

46
Q

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic

A

lateral horns of SC

T1-T5

47
Q

post-ganglionic sympathetic

A

cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia

48
Q

post-synaptic fibers sympathetic

A

carried in thoracic (cardiopulmonary) splanchnic nerves
contributes to cardiac plexus
ends in SAN and AVN

49
Q

Parasympathetic Cardiac Innervation

A

decrease HR, decrease force of contraction

constricts CA

50
Q

pre-ganglionic parasympathetic

A

VAGUS Nerve

51
Q

pre-synaptic fibers parasympathetic

A

contributes to cardiac plexuses

52
Q

post-ganglionic parasympathetic

A

cardiac tissue

atrial wall, IV septum near SAN, AVN

53
Q

Visceral afferent cardiac innervation

A

follow path of sympathetics backward
reflex actions
=lower BP, lower HR = vagus nerve

54
Q

vagus nerve

A

doesn’t transmit any visceral pain fibers originating in heart

55
Q

small cardiac vein pairs with the

A

right marginal artery

56
Q

middle cardiac vein pairs with the

A

posterior IV artery

57
Q

great cardiac vein pairs with the

A

anterior IV artery

58
Q

coronary sinus pairs with the

A

circumflex artery

Anatomy Final (6 decks)

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