Respiratory Function

Question 1

T/F the general function of respiration is the exchange of gases within the environment which involves the delivery of O2 and the removal of COs

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F Cellular respiration is the anaerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid to ATP

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The trachea is also known as ______

Answer 3

Windpipe

Question 4

what is the primary passage of air to the lungs?

Answer 4

Trachea

Question 5

what are the stacked, C-shaped pieces of cartilage called?

Answer 5

hyaline cartilage

Question 6

how many hyaline cartilage are in humans?

Answer 6

15-20

Question 7

the trachea bifurcate into _____ that enter the lungs

Answer 7

bronchi

Question 8

what are the branching divisions of the bronchi?

Answer 8

secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles

Question 9

T/F the lungs are a unilateral organ

Answer 9

False, its bilateral

Question 10

the lungs have both right and left ____ and ____ lobes

Answer 10

apical and diaphragmatic

Question 11

what are the species dependent apical lobes?

Answer 11

accessory, cranial, and cardiac

Question 12

what is the primary inspiratory muscle?

Answer 12

diaphram

Question 13

what are the two zones of the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 13

conducting and respiratory

Question 14

what is the primary function of the conducting zone?

Answer 14

provide a route for incoming/outgoing air

Question 15

what is the primary function of the respiratory zone?

Answer 15

gas exchange

Question 16

what are the 4 sections of the respiratory zone?

Answer 16

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sac
alveoli

Question 17

T/F gas exchange is at its full potential in the respiratory bronchioles

Answer 17

False, there is limited gas exchange in the respiratory bronchioles

Question 18

where is the site of gas exchange?

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

what are the respiratory cycles?

Answer 19

inspiration (in) and expiration (out)

Question 20

inspiration is the ________ of the thorax and lungs, with accompanying inflow of air

Answer 20

enlargement

Question 21

expiration is the ______ of the thorax and lungs, with an accompanying outflow of air

Answer 21

reduction

Question 22

the pulmonary volume is the ______ within both lungs at any one time

Answer 22

amount of air (mL or L)

Question 23

what are the different categories of pulmonary volumes?

Answer 23

tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
reserve volume

Question 24

the movement of air into and out of the lungs requires a ______ gradient

Answer 24

pressure

Question 25

what is another word for barometric pressure?

Answer 25

atmosphere

Question 26

what are the principles of boyles law?

Answer 26

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

Question 27

during inspiration, what reduces pressure on the lungs?

Answer 27

lowering the diaphragm

Question 28

during expiration, what increases pressure on the lungs?

Answer 28

raising the diaphragm

Question 29

what is 1 atmospheric pressure?

Answer 29

760 mmHg

Question 30

what is the primary site of gas exchange?

Answer 30

alveoli

Question 31

what are the gases exchanged in the alveoli?

Answer 31

O2 and CO2

Question 32

the exchange of gases occurs between blood and tissue and is based upon a ________

Answer 32

simple diffusion gradient

Question 33

simple diffusion is the movement of a solute in a solution from a ______ concentration to a _______ concentration

Answer 33

higher to lower

Question 34

in order for a concentration gradient to exist, there must be _____ concentrations

Answer 34

different

Question 35

T/F simple diffusions requires no energy

Answer 35

True

Question 36

O2 diffused into the _______ and then to red blood cells

Answer 36

pulmonary veins

Question 37

CO2 diffused into the _______ and then to red blood cells

Answer 37

pulmonary arteries

Question 38

T/F CO2 and O2 diffuse across the respiratory membrane through passive transport

Answer 38

True

Question 39

what characteristic of alveoli and capillaries allow for passive transport

Answer 39

single-cell layer

Question 40

frick's law: the net diffusion rate of a gas across a fluid membrane is proportional to the difference in _____ and to the _____

Answer 40

partial pressure and to the area of the membrane

Question 41

what is partial pressure?

Answer 41

pressure exerted by a single gas in each system

Question 42

diffusion rate is ____ proportional to the thickness of the membrane

Answer 42

inversely

Question 43

gases move from a region of _____ to a region of low _____

Answer 43

high pP to low pP

Question 44

what are the two categories of O2 found in the body?

Answer 44

dissolved within blood plasma (makes up 1.5%) bound to hemoglobin (makes up 98.5%)

Question 45

what determines the arterial partial pressure of O2?

Answer 45

dissolved O2 in blood plasma

Question 46

T/F O2 bound to hemoglobin has a major impact on the partial pressure of O2 in blood

Answer 46

False, has no effect in blood

Question 47

what are the three states that CO2 is found?

Answer 47

bicarbonate caraminohemoglobin CO2

Question 48

characteristics of bicarbonate:

Answer 48

makes up 85% of CO2 located within the plasma

Question 49

characteristics of CO2

Answer 49

5-7% of CO2 dissolved in plasma determines the arterial blood partial pressure of CO2

Question 50

what is the O2 transport metalloprotein?

Answer 50

hemoglobin

Question 51

how many heme groups does hemoglobin contain?

Answer 51

4

Question 52

what atom is found on the heme groups that provides the pull for O2?

Answer 52

Fe2+

Question 53

what are the isoforms of hemoglobin?

Answer 53

oxyhemoglobin carbaminohemoglobin

Question 54

oxyhemoglobin is ____ bound

Answer 54

O2

Question 55

carbaminohemoglobin is _____ bound

Answer 55

CO2

Question 56

how is CO2 delivered?

Answer 56

Diffusion Hemoglobin bicarbonate