Neural Function

Question 1

what is the regular state of neuron CG?

Answer 1

electroneutral

Question 2

T/F Cell soma integrates signal at the axon hillock

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what are the components of the PM?

Answer 3

glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteins

Question 4

what are the products that channel proteins transport?

Answer 4

ATP, amino acids, glucose, ions

Question 5

on the postsynaptic the released neurotransmitter binds to the what channel on the PM?

Answer 5

ligand-gated channel

Question 6

what is apart of function?

Answer 6

excitatory, inhibitory, and excitatory/inhibitory

Question 7

what is apart of the AP biochemical?

Answer 7

neurotransmitters and non-neurotransmitters

Question 8

what specific molecules do voltage-gated channels have?

Answer 8

Na+, K+, Cl-

Question 9

the signal of AP is transmitted from one neuron to the next:

Answer 9

biochemically or physical

Question 10

PNS to CNS sends AP from?

Answer 10

Afferent neuron to interneuron

Question 11

what is PM cytoplasm?

Answer 11

elevated concentrations K+ and negatively charged

Question 12

what does the lipid bilayer of phospholipids contain?

Answer 12

the hydrophobic head and the hydrophilic group

Question 13

what are the three membrane potentials?

Answer 13

resting: ~-70 mV
threshold: ~-55 mV
action = >~-45 mV

Question 14

T/F extracellular has more K+ then Na+

Answer 14

False, extracellular has more Na+, intracellular has more K+

Question 15

what is apart of chemical structure?

Answer 15

acetylcholine, biogenic ammines, and amino acids

Question 16

what are neurotransmitters released into?

Answer 16

synaptic cleft

Question 17

what is the PM extracellular environment?

Answer 17

elevated concentrations of Na+ and Cl-

Question 18

what is the role of ligand-gated in synaptic transmission of AP?

Answer 18

by opening ion channels when binding with a variety of ligands

Question 19

what type of channel proteins move ions in the direction of a specific concentration gradient?

Answer 19

voltage-gated or ligand-gated

Question 20

T/F changing mV status of PM means Na+ is pulled in and K+ is pushed out

Answer 20

True

Question 21

what are two important types of gated ion channels?

Answer 21

voltage and ligand

Question 22

what is the function of all neurons?

Answer 22

transmit information from and to the CNS

Question 23

Axon transmit AP to what?

Answer 23

the axon terminal

Question 24

the neurotransmitter is classified by what two things?

Answer 24

Chemical structure and function

Question 25

what are the channel proteins responsible for?

Answer 25

they are responsible for the semipermeable aspects, like transporting products in/out of the cell

Question 26

CNS to PNS responds AP from?

Answer 26

interneuron to efferent neuron

Question 27

what is apart of the physical AP?

Answer 27

specialized stretch receptors, pressure, and pain

Question 28

what are the characteristics of autonomic system?

Answer 28

adrenergic receptors, g-coupled receptors, and cholinergic receptors

Question 29

the post-synapsis receives stimulus and activates what?

Answer 29

ligand-gated ion channels

Question 30

what are two types of channel proteins?

Answer 30

non-gated and gated

Question 31

T/F the ability of the neural function is due to the plasma membrane (PM)?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

what is the AP signal transmitted by?

Answer 32

Synaptic cleft

Question 33

what are the functions of proteins

Answer 33

receptors, transporters, and enzymes

Question 34

what are the two environments of the ion concentrations?

Answer 34

extracellular vs intracellular

Question 35

T/F A particle moving through a solution, moving from an area of low concentration to a higher concentration

Answer 35

False, it moves from high to low

Question 36

the transmission of the AP is regulated by?

Answer 36

the ion concentration gradient between two environments, the ions being K+, Na+, and Cl ions. and also voltage-gated ion channels

Question 37

what are ion channels primarily responsible for?

Answer 37

electrical impulses

Question 38

what are the 4 proteins?

Answer 38

channel, integral, globular, and a-helix proteins

Question 39

T/F the myelin sheath slows the speed of AP

Answer 39

False, it enhances it

Question 40

T/F the electroneutral CG is AP

Answer 40

False, it is the resting membrane potential

Question 41

what do non-gated channel proteins do?

Answer 41

maintain intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations

Question 42

T/F is the PM semipermable?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

what do a1 receptors do?

Answer 43

activate fight or flight response, inhibit GIT mobility, and mobilize energy

Question 44

all communication is a what?

Answer 44

biochemically electrical impluse

Question 45

what specific molecules do ligand-gated channels have?

Answer 45

Na+ and K+

Question 46

AP spreads across the axon terminal and releases what at the presynaptic?

Answer 46

neurotransmitter

Question 47

what is voltage-gated vital for?

Answer 47

the generation of an AP and the propagation of the AP along the axon

Question 48

what are 4 main ion channels?

Answer 48

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-

Question 49

T/F APs travel across the PM of all neurons

Answer 49

True