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RSNOTES > Respiratory Formative Q&A > Flashcards

Respiratory Formative Q&A Flashcards

1
Q

The volume of gas that enters or leaves the lung with each cycle of respiration

A

Tidal volume

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2
Q

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal resting inspiration

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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3
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal resting expiration

A

Functional residual volume

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4
Q

The product of tidal volume and respiratory rate

A

Minute ventilation

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5
Q

Most of the CO2 transported in the blood is …

A

In the form of bicarbonate ions

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6
Q

Most of the O2 transported by the blood is

A

Bound to haemoglobin

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7
Q

Pa O2 and pH are sensed by

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Pa CO2 is sensed by

A

Central chemoreceptors

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9
Q

A 59 year old man with known squamous carcinoma of the lung, admitted to hospital as an emergency with abdominal pain, constipation and confusion…

Initial investigation?

A

Serum calcium

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10
Q

A 65 year old woman with a three week history of increasing neck and face swelling, who has a widened superior mediastinum on chest x-ray…

Initial investigation?

A

CT thorax

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11
Q

A 55 year old cigarette smoker attending his general practitioner with a two month history of troublesome cough…

Initial investigation?

A

Chest x-ray

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12
Q

A 79 year old woman with a peripheral speculated opacity on chest x-ray and an enlarged superclavicular lymph node. ..

Initial investigation?

A

FNA lymph node

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13
Q

A 35 year old man with cystic fibrosis…

Likely organism.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

A 50 year old oil executive with lobar pneumonia…

Likely organism.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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15
Q

A 65 year old man with lobar pneumonia whose parrot is unwell…

Likely organism.

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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16
Q

A 19 year old, previously healthy woman experiences sudden onset of severe right-sided chest pain whilst walking upstairs. The pain is associated with breathlessness. Both symptoms are still prominent when she presents to the Accident and Emergency Department one hour later…
Clinical Diagnosis…

A

Primary Pneumothorax

17
Q

A 32 year old man is recovering from a bad attack of pneumonia for which he has been off work for several weeks. He goes on to develop night sweats, a persistently poor appetite and increasing shortness of breath on exertion. After a week of oral antibiotic treatment his GP refers him to the local respiratory medicine unit for admission…
Clinical Diagnosis…

A

Empyema Thoracis

18
Q

A 62 year old man vomits after a bout of heavy drinking the night before. Immediately afterwards he experiences severe left sided pleuritic chest pain, breathlessness and cough. The pain fails to resolve and is associated with tachypnoea and sweating…
Clinical Diagnosis…

A

Aspiration pneumonia

19
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed asthma and waking up at night because of asthma should be commenced on…

A

Inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled beta-2-agonist

20
Q

Patients at step 2 therapy with poor control should be commenced on an…

A

Inhaled long acting beta-2-agonist

21
Q

A patient at step 5 of the treatment guidelines will require long-term…

A

Oral corticosteroid

22
Q

Treatment with an inhaled beta-2-agonist is only recommended for patients at step…

A

Step 1

23
Q

What is the clinical term for coughing up blood?

A

Haemoptysis

24
Q

A 62 year old male smoker has coughed up blood 4 times during the past 1 month. His appetite has been poor and he has lost 1 stone during this period.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Lung Cancer

25
Q

A 62 year old male smoker has coughed up blood 4 times during the past 1 month. His appetite has been poor and he has lost 1 stone during this period.

What clinical signs might you look for?
i. in his hands?

A

Finger Clubbing

26
Q

A 62 year old male smoker has coughed up blood 4 times during the past 1 month. His appetite has been poor and he has lost 1 stone during this period.

What clinical signs might you look for?
ii. on palpating his abdomen?

A

Hepatomegaly

27
Q

A 62 year old male smoker has coughed up blood 4 times during the past 1 month. His appetite has been poor and he has lost 1 stone during this period.

What clinical signs might you look for?
iii. examining his neck?

A

Lymphadenopathy
SVC Obstruction
Tracheal Deviation

28
Q

Lung Cancer:

Give two imaging techniques which would be useful to define the extent of the lesion? (2)

A

CXR
CT
MRI

29
Q

Lung Cancer:

Apart from imaging techniques, list two other investigations you would perform at this stage. (2)

A

Pulmonary Function Test

Biopsy – Percutaneous or Bronchoscopic

30
Q

Lung Cancer:

What are the four major histological types of this condition? (4)

A

Small cell carcinoma
Non-small cell carcinoma:
Squamous, Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell undifferentiated carcinoma.

31
Q

Lung Cancer:

List four organs or tissues to which this condition commonly spreads? (4)

A 
Bone
Brain 
Liver
Adrenal Gland
Lymph Nodes
32
Q

An 18 year old student presents to his GP with a 3 day history of left pleuritic chest pain, a productive cough, increasing breathlessness, fever and anorexia.
List six possible clinical signs in a patient with left lower lobe pneumonia/consolidation. (6)

A 
Tachycardia 
Tachypnoea
Hypotension
Cyanosis 
Reduced left-sided chest expansion
Dullness to percussion at left base
Bronchial Breathing at left base
33
Q

Name three micro-organisms which are most commonly responsible for pneumonia in a young previously healthy individual. (3)

A 
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
Legionella pneumophilia
Coxiella burnetti
Chlamydia psittaci
34
Q

Pneumonia:

What four investigations should be performed to make the diagnosis? (4)

A 
CXR
Sputum culture
FBC
ESR/CRP
Blood culture
35
Q

Pneumonia:
What two classes of antibiotics should be used to treat this man before a bacteriological diagnosis is reached? (2)

A

Beta-lactams

Macrolides

36
Q

Pneumonia:

In addition to antibiotics what three other measures would you instigate to manage this man in hospital? (3)

A

Supplemental oxygen
Analgesia
IV fluids.

RSNOTES (53 decks)

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