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Respiratory > Respiratory failure > Flashcards

Respiratory failure Flashcards

1
Q

Define type 1 respiratory failure

A

PaO2 <8KPa and PaCO2 <6KPa (normal-low)

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2
Q

Define type 2 respiratory failure

A

PaO2 <8KPa and PaCO2 >6KPa

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3
Q

What is the physiological cause of type 1 failure?

A

V/Q mismatch and diffusion failure

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4
Q

Two causes of type 1 failure?

A 
PE
Asthma
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary hypertension 
Collapse= atelectasis
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5
Q

What is the physiological cause of type 2 failure?

A 
Alveolar hypoventilation (
\+- V/Q mismatch)
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6
Q

Three causes of type 2 failure?

A 
COPD
asthma
bronchiectasis
Fibrosis
NM disease- GBS, myasthenia gravis
Reduced resp drive: trauma, CNS sedation
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7
Q

One cause of diffusion failure causing type 1 resp failure?

A

fluid- pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, blood, infarction

fibrosis

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8
Q

Two causes of obstructive lung disease?

A

asthma
COPD
bronchiectasis

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9
Q

Two causes of restrictive lung disease?

A

fibrosis
NM disease- GBM, MG
reduced resp drive: trauma, tumour, CNS sedation

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10
Q

Two signs/symptoms of hypoxia?

A 
Dyspnoea
Confusion
Cyanosis
Agitation
Polycythaemia
Cor pulmonare
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11
Q

Two signs/symptoms of hypercapnoea?

A 
headache
bounding pulse
flap
confusion- coma
flushing and peripheral vasodilation
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12
Q

Treatment of type 1 failure?

A

Give O 2 to maintain SpO 2 94-98%

Assisted ventilation if PaO 2 <8KPa despite 60% O 2

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13
Q

Treatment of type 2 failure?

A

Oxygen therapy
NIV
Respiratory stimulant

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14
Q

What percentage of O2 for type 2 failure?

A

24%

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15
Q

SpO2 percentage in type 2 failure?

A

88-92%

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16
Q

When would you intervene with NIV in type 2 respiratory failure?

A

If PaCO 2 ↑>1.5KPa and pt. still hypoxic

17
Q

Target oxygen percentage in patients with type 1 resp failure?

A

94-98% for most patients

18
Q

Someone has metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap. What could be happening?

A

renal failure, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, toxins, therefore measure these

19
Q

Patient with metabolic acidosis but normal anion gap. What could be a cause?

A

diarrhoea- excess HCO3- loss

renal tubular acidosis

20
Q

What is the normal anion gap?

A

8-16 mmol/L

21
Q

Two causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

Airway obstruction- COPD, asthma
CNS depression
Obstructive sleep apnoea

22
Q

Two causes of resp alkalosis?

A

CNS stimulation: pain, fea, anxiety, brain trauma
Drugs
Pregnancy
Hypoxia

23
Q

Two causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Renal loss of H+- cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome

24
Q

Two causes of metabolic acidosis?

A 
DKA
Isoniazid
Ethanol intoxication 
Uraemia 
Lactic acidosis- tissue ischaemia

Respiratory (16 decks)

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