Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

A tension pneumothorax results in which sign on a CXR?

A

Tracheal deviation away from affected side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of pleural effusion?

A

Heart failure,

infection, malignancy, PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are signs can be seen on CXR indicative of COPD?

A

hyperinflation, flat hemi-diaphragms, decreased lung markings, bulla- more gas, prominent hila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which seminal sign is seen in consolidation on CXR?

A

air bronchogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A patient requires a chest drain. Name two indications for this?

A

Pleural effusion and pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A chest drain has failed to resolved accumulation of fluid in response to pleural effusion. Which other procedure could be conducted to address this issue?

A

pleurodesis- chemical is inserted in pleural space to adhere lung tissue to chest wall, thus forming a seal that will prevent fluid accumulation. Talc powder is commonly used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three causes of pulmonary hypertension?

A
  1. Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Connective tissue disorder e.g. lupus
  3. Left heart failure
  4. Pulmonary artery obstruction e.g thromboembolic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would be indicative of unilateral basal crackles versus bilateral basal crackles?

A

Unilateral- pneumonia, bilateral- pulmonary oedema or bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of a compromised airway?

A
  1. secretions/blood vomit
  2. Swelling- anaphylaxis
  3. Mass- tumour
  4. Foreign object
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three pressures referred to in resp physiology?

A

intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, atmospheric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the intrapleural pressure negative or positive? How does intrapulmonary pressure compare to atmospheric pressure?

A

Intrapleural pressure is negative relative to atmospheric pressure (-4 mmHg). Atmospheric and intrapulmonary is equal= 0 mmHG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does an increase in pressure of gas affect the volume?

A

decrease in volume (according to boyle’s law)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the intrapleural pressure?

A

756 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which autoimmune disease is associated with pleural effusions?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are coarse crackles heard? Where are they heard best?

A

chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema. Anywhere in the lung fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are fine crackles heard? where are they heard best?

A

chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atelectasis.
lung bases

17
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

=collapsed lung

18
Q

What causes the pleural rub sounds?

A

movement of inflamed pleural surfaces against one another, creaking/harsh grating sound

19
Q

What causes pleural rub?

A

TB and pneumonia

20
Q

List two parameters that predict lung function in a normal, non-smoking patient?

A

height and age

21
Q

What are the features of an obstructive pattern on spirometry?

A

FEV1< 80% predicted + FEV1:FVC ratio <0.7

22
Q

Aside from FEV1 and FVC, what other info can be derived from spirometry?

A

reversibility testing -/+
DLCO- if decreased then alveolar surface area has been reduced e.g. emphysema
TLC- if increased then lung hyperinflation

23
Q

Why might patient with obstructive pattern on spirometry have raised Hb?

A

secondary polycythaemia
patient is hypoxic- juxtaglomerular apparatus senses hypoxia, increased EPO production which leads to incr RCC production

24
Q

List three methods for smoking cessation

A
  1. Community smoking cessation group
  2. Nicotine replacement therapy (patches, gum)
  3. Champix
  4. Pyscho-social- counselling, monetary benefits
25
Q

Two features of finger clubbing?

A
  1. Soft tissue of distal phalynx expansion
  2. Softening of nail bed- floating appearance
  3. Schamroth window is lost
  4. Curvature- upside down spoon= concave appearance rather than convex
26
Q

Three conditions that cause finger clubbing?

A

Respiratory:

  1. Carcinoma
  2. CF
  3. Bronchiectasis
  4. Empyema, abscess
  5. TB
  6. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Cardiac

  1. Infective endocarditis
  2. Congenital cyanotic heart disease

GIT (4 C’s)

  1. Cirrhosis
  2. Crohn’s, uC
  3. Coeliac
  4. Cancer
27
Q

Three causes of cyanosis?

A

Respiratory
 Hypoventilation: COPD, MSK
 ↓ diffusion: pulm oedema, fibrosing alveolitis
 V/Q mismatch: PE, AVM (e.g. HHT)

Cardiac:
 Congenital: Fallot’s, TGA
 ↓ CO: MS, systolic LVF
 Vascular: Raynaud’s, DVT

RBCs
 Low affinity Hb, may be hereditary or acquired

28
Q

Most common lung cancer in people who have never smoked?

A

adenocarcinoma

Respiratory (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions