Respiratory Dysfunction

Question 1

Infants are obligatory nose breathers until ____

Answer 1

4 months

Question 2

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer 2

Chronic pulmonary disease marked by need for oxygen therapy beyond 28 days after birth
Commonly affects neonates born at or before 30 weeks gestation, thought to be a response of premature lungs to early injury

Question 3

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia causes

Answer 3

Mechanical ventilation, high-inhaled oxygen therapy

Question 4

Sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 4

Sudden unexpected death of any infant for whom a postmortem examination fails to determine a cause of death - usually occurs during sleep

Question 5

SIDS prevention

Answer 5

Avoid smoking during pregnancy and around baby
Put infant to sleep in supine position - use firm bedding, avoid soft/moldable mattresses and toys, avoid pillows and blankets
Avoid overheating during sleep
Breastfeed
Use pacifier
No honey for infants
Immunizations

Question 6

Tonsillectomy post-op care

Answer 6

Assess for excessive swallowing - sign of hemorrhage, discourage coughing, avoid straws, position on side or abdomen to facilitate drainage, no red liquids

Question 7

Ear infection prevention

Answer 7

Hold child upright before/during feeds, blow nose gently, play blowing games, chew sugarless gum

Question 8

Epiglottitis

Answer 8

Acute, severe inflammation of epiglottis - emergency

Usually associated with a bacterial infection

Question 9

Epiglottitis signs

Answer 9

Sudden onset of fever, lethargy, dyspnea, hyperextension of neck, drooling, severe sore throat, stridor, hoarseness, refusal to drink, rapid/thready pulse, tripod positioning, chin thrust out, mouth open, tongue protruding, red/inflamed throat

Question 10

visual inspection of mouth and throat is ____ in suspected epiglottitis

Answer 10

Contraindicated - potential for laryngospasm and airway obstruction - keep emergency tracheostomy at bedside

Question 11

Ribavirin

Answer 11

Antiviral medication used for treating severe RSV in immunocompromised children (eg. BPD, heart disease)

Question 12

CF warning signs

Answer 12

Meconium ileus at birth, rectal prolapse, steatorrhea, FTT, Vit A/D/E/K deficiency, respiratory symptoms

Question 13

Foreign body aspiration treatment

Answer 13

Bronchoscopy - removal

Question 14

First degree obstruction (foreign body aspiration)

Answer 14

Foreign body allows for passage of air in both directions

Question 15

Second degree obstruction (foreign body aspiration)

Answer 15

Air is able to pass foreign object in one direction only, air passages enlarge during inhalation and diminish during exhalation

Question 16

Complete obstruction (foreign body aspiration)

Answer 16

Air unable to move in either direction