Endocrine Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine is the ____ system at birth

A

Least developed system

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2
Q

Growth hormone definciency

A

Results from diminished or deficient secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary
Decreased synthesis of somatomedin - decreased linear growth
Inhibited transport of protein-building amino acids into cells and increased protein catabolism - causes decreased muscle mass, thin hair, poor skin quality, delayed growth
Decreased fat catabolism and increased glucose uptake in muscles - causes excessive subcutaneous fat and hypoglycemia

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3
Q

Growth hormone deficiency causes

A

Slow growth = hypopituitarism

Sudden stop in growth = tumor

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4
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

A

Hyponatremia and hypoosmolarity that results from excessive production or release of ADH (vasopressin), which causes diminished water elimination (excess water in body)
Caused by disorders affecting the CNS - infection, head trauma, brain injury
Symptomatic if sodium <125

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5
Q

SIADH signs

A

Early - anorexia, nausea/vomiting, malaise
Decreased UOP, fluid retention, weight gain, headache, distended jugular vein, hyponatremia, weakness, irritability, lethargy, confusion
Progresses to stupor and convulsions if hyponatremia worsens

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6
Q

SIADH lab findings

A

Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, low serum osmolality

Urine specific gravity >1.030

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7
Q

SIADH treatment

A

Assess neurologic and hydration status. closely monitor electrolytes, provide frequent mouth care, high sodium foods, seizure precautions
IV solutions of high concentration of NaCl
Vasopressin antagonists (Vaprisol, Samscal), loop diuretics

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8
Q

Precocious puberty

A

Development of sexual characteristics before the typical age of onset of puberty
Breast development and pubic hair growth before age 7 for white girls and before age 6 for black girls
Pubic hair growth before age 9 for boys

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9
Q

Precocious puberty signs

A

Breast buds, phallic enlargement, body hair, facial hair, acne, body odor, voice deepening
Elevated luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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10
Q

Precocious puberty causes

A

Head trauma, exposure to steroids or gonadotropins, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, neurofibromatosis, thyroid disease
Pituitary or hypothalamic lesions - headaches, vision disturbances, motor incoordination

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11
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Chronic condition characterized by an inadequate amount of thyroid hormone necessary to meet metabolic needs
Can be caused by defective embryonic development of gland

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12
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis, causes hypothyroidism

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism signs

A

Congenital - prolonged jaundice, lethargy, constipation, feeding problems, cold to touch, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, large tongue, large fontanel, hoarse cry
Acquired - goiter, fatigue, weight gain, dry thick skin, cold intolerance, constipation, edema, irregular menses
Low T4 and TSH levels

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14
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Cluster of clinical abnormalities resulting from excessive levels of adrenocortical hormones - cortisol, androgens, aldosterone
Caused by adrenocortical tumor or steroid use

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15
Q

Cushing’s syndrome signs

A

Centripetal fat distribution - truncal obesity, fat pads on supraclavicular and neck area, buffalo neck, rounded or moon face, muscle wasting of extremities
Fragile thin skin, acne, reddish/purple abdominal striae, increased susceptibility to infection, elevated BG, compression fractures, irritability
Girls - voice deepening, breast atrophy, amenorrhea, loss of libido
Boys - impotence

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16
Q

Cushing’s syndrome treatment

A

If it is result of steroid therapy, medication should never be abruptly stopped or missed - can cause adrenal crisis
High protein, low sodium diet, potassium supplements

17
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Partial or complete deficiency of insulin from pancreatic beta cell destruction

18
Q

DM type 1 signs

A

3 Ps - polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

A1C >6.5%, fasting BG >126, random BG >200

19
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis signs

A

Hyperglycemia, acidosis, glycosuria, ketonuria

20
Q

Hypoglycemia signs

A

Trembling, tachycardia, sweating, anxiety, hunger, pallor, headache
Late signs - personality/mood changes, nightmares, sleepiness, slurred speech

21
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Caused by insulin resistance

Related to obesity