Endocrine Dysfunction Flashcards
Endocrine is the ____ system at birth
Least developed system
Growth hormone definciency
Results from diminished or deficient secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary
Decreased synthesis of somatomedin - decreased linear growth
Inhibited transport of protein-building amino acids into cells and increased protein catabolism - causes decreased muscle mass, thin hair, poor skin quality, delayed growth
Decreased fat catabolism and increased glucose uptake in muscles - causes excessive subcutaneous fat and hypoglycemia
Growth hormone deficiency causes
Slow growth = hypopituitarism
Sudden stop in growth = tumor
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Hyponatremia and hypoosmolarity that results from excessive production or release of ADH (vasopressin), which causes diminished water elimination (excess water in body)
Caused by disorders affecting the CNS - infection, head trauma, brain injury
Symptomatic if sodium <125
SIADH signs
Early - anorexia, nausea/vomiting, malaise
Decreased UOP, fluid retention, weight gain, headache, distended jugular vein, hyponatremia, weakness, irritability, lethargy, confusion
Progresses to stupor and convulsions if hyponatremia worsens
SIADH lab findings
Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, low serum osmolality
Urine specific gravity >1.030
SIADH treatment
Assess neurologic and hydration status. closely monitor electrolytes, provide frequent mouth care, high sodium foods, seizure precautions
IV solutions of high concentration of NaCl
Vasopressin antagonists (Vaprisol, Samscal), loop diuretics
Precocious puberty
Development of sexual characteristics before the typical age of onset of puberty
Breast development and pubic hair growth before age 7 for white girls and before age 6 for black girls
Pubic hair growth before age 9 for boys
Precocious puberty signs
Breast buds, phallic enlargement, body hair, facial hair, acne, body odor, voice deepening
Elevated luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
Precocious puberty causes
Head trauma, exposure to steroids or gonadotropins, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, neurofibromatosis, thyroid disease
Pituitary or hypothalamic lesions - headaches, vision disturbances, motor incoordination
Hypothyroidism
Chronic condition characterized by an inadequate amount of thyroid hormone necessary to meet metabolic needs
Can be caused by defective embryonic development of gland
Hashimoto’s disease
Autoimmune thyroiditis, causes hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism signs
Congenital - prolonged jaundice, lethargy, constipation, feeding problems, cold to touch, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, large tongue, large fontanel, hoarse cry
Acquired - goiter, fatigue, weight gain, dry thick skin, cold intolerance, constipation, edema, irregular menses
Low T4 and TSH levels
Cushing’s syndrome
Cluster of clinical abnormalities resulting from excessive levels of adrenocortical hormones - cortisol, androgens, aldosterone
Caused by adrenocortical tumor or steroid use
Cushing’s syndrome signs
Centripetal fat distribution - truncal obesity, fat pads on supraclavicular and neck area, buffalo neck, rounded or moon face, muscle wasting of extremities
Fragile thin skin, acne, reddish/purple abdominal striae, increased susceptibility to infection, elevated BG, compression fractures, irritability
Girls - voice deepening, breast atrophy, amenorrhea, loss of libido
Boys - impotence