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CERT STUDY > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson Stages of Development

A

Infancy (0-1) = Trust vs. mistrust
Toddler (1-3) = Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Preschool (3-6) = Initiative vs. guilt
School age (6-12) = Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescence = Identity vs. role diffusion

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2
Q

Freud Stages of Development

A 
Infancy (0-1) = Oral
Toddler (1-3) = Anal
Preschool (3-6) = Phallic
School age (6-12) = Latency
Adolescence = Genital
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3
Q

Piaget Stages of Development

A

Infancy (0-1), Toddler (1-3) = Sensorimotor
Preschool (3-6) = Pre-operational
School age (6-12) = Concrete operations
Adolescence = Formal operations

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4
Q

Kohlberg Stages of Development

A 
Toddler (1-3), Preschool (3-6) = Pre-conventional
School age (6-12) = Conventional
Adolescence = Post-conventional
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5
Q

Infant growth in length from 0-6 months

A

1 inch (2.5 cm) per month

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6
Q

Infant growth in length from 6-12 months

A

Birth length increases by 50%

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7
Q

Infant growth in weight from 0-6 months

A

1.5 lbs per month

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8
Q

Infant weight at 5 months

A

Birth weight doubles

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9
Q

Anterior fontanel closes between ____

A

12-18 months

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10
Q

Posterior fontanel closes at ____

A

2 months

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11
Q

Solid foods introduced at ____

A

6 months

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12
Q

First food that should be introduced

A

Rice cereal - easy to digest, allergic reactions are rare, contains iron

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13
Q

Breast fed infant stools

A

Mustard color, soft/even consistency, sour odor
4-5 stools per day
More absorbed, may not have stool for days

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14
Q

Bottle fed infant stools

A

Yellow to brown, soft or formed
Soy based formula - green color stools
2-4 stools per day

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15
Q

Fluoride supplement use

A

6 months or older who are exclusively breast fed, use ready-to-feed formula, or have inadequate fluorinated water

Take 20 min before feeding

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16
Q

Teeth cleaning

A

Wipe baby’s teeth with damp cloth

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17
Q

Gross motor development - 3 months

A

No head lag

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18
Q

Gross motor development - 5 months

A

Rolls from front to back

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19
Q

Gross motor development - 7 months

A

Sits leaning forward

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20
Q

Gross motor development - 8 months

A

Sits unsupported

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21
Q

Gross motor development - 9 months

A

Pulls to stand

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22
Q

Gross motor development - 10 months

A

Walks holding onto objects

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23
Q

Gross motor development - 12 months

A

Walks while holding someone’s hand

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24
Q

Fine motor development - 1 month

A

Strong grasp

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25
Q

Fine motor development - 3 months

A

Actively holds object, grasp reflex fades

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26
Q

Fine motor development - 5 months

A

Grasps voluntarily, hand to hand transfer

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27
Q

Fine motor development - 9 months

A

Pincer grasp

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28
Q

Fine motor development - 12 months

A

2-block tower

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29
Q

Socialization - 2 months

A

Smiles

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30
Q

Socialization - 3 months

A

Recognizes familiar faces

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31
Q

Socialization - 5 months

A

Smiles at mirror

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32
Q

Socialization - 6 months

A

Fear of strangers

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33
Q

Language - 1-2 months

A

Coos

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34
Q

Language - 3-4 months

A

Laughs, babbles

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35
Q

Language - 8 months

A

Mama

36
Q

Language - 9 months

A

Understands “no”

37
Q

Language - 12 months

A

Says between 4-10 words

38
Q

Toddler age

A

1-3 years

39
Q

Toddler growth in height

A

3 inches per year

40
Q

Toddler height at 2 years

A

Half of expected adult height

41
Q

Toddler weight at 2.5 years

A

Birth weight quadruples

42
Q

Milk should be limited to ____ in toddlers

A

1 qt - to help ensure intake of iron-enriched foods

43
Q

Used to screen for anemia in toddlers

A

Hematocrit

44
Q

Physiologic anorexia

A

Experienced by many toddlers/preschoolers - picky eaters, experiencing foods jags, eating large amounts one day and small amounts the next

45
Q

Foods that make toddlers at risk for aspirating

A

Peanuts, carrots, celery, hotdogs

46
Q

Food should not be used as ____ for toddlers

A

Reward or punishment

47
Q

Gross motor development - 15 months

A

Walks without help

48
Q

Gross motor development - 18 months

A

Walks up stairs while holding hand

49
Q

Gross motor development - 24 months

A

Walks up stairs one step at a time

50
Q

Gross motor development - 30 months

A

Jumps with both feet

51
Q

Fine motor development - 15 months

A

2-block tower, scribbles spontaneously

52
Q

Fine motor development - 18 months

A

4-block tower

53
Q

Fine motor development - 30 months

A

8-block tower, copies cross

54
Q

Toddler fears (5)

A

Loss of parents, stranger anxiety, loud noises, going to sleep, large animals

55
Q

Toddler play

A

Parallel play - children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another’s behavior

56
Q

Toddler toys

A

Push-pull toys, no detachable or small parts, finger painting

Changes toy frequently

57
Q

Toilet training stage of development

A

Freud’s anal stage - toddler begins to gain control over anal sphincter

58
Q

Signs toddler is ready for toilet training (6)

A

Shows interest in toilet/potty chair
Stays dry for 2 hours with regular bowel movements
Can sit, walk, or squat
Can verbalize desire to void or stool
Exhibits willingness to please parents
Wants to have soiled diaper changed immediately

59
Q

Sleep problems in preschool age (5)

A

Nightmares, night terrors, difficulty settling down, extending nighttime rituals, nighttime awakenings

Night light, blanket may help

60
Q

Gross motor development - 3 years

A

Rides tricycle, goes up stairs on opposite feet, stands on one foot for a couple of seconds, broad jump

61
Q

Gross motor development - 4 years

A

Skips, hops on one foot, catches ball, goes downstairs using alternate feet

62
Q

Gross motor development - 5 years

A

Skips on alternate feet, throws and catches ball, jumps rope, balances on alternate feet with eyes closed

63
Q

Fine motor development - 3 years

A

9, 10-block tower, copies circle, draws cross

64
Q

Fine motor development - 4 years

A

Lace shoes, copies square, traces diamond, adds 3 parts of stick figure

65
Q

Fine motor development - 5 years

A

Ties shoe laces, uses scissors, copies diamond and triangle, adds 7-9 parts of stick figure, prints a few letters/numbers/first name

66
Q

Preschooler fears (6)

A

The dark, being left alone, animals, ghosts, body mutilation, pain/objects and people associated with painful experiences

67
Q

Preschool play

A

Associative play - playing the same game without necessarily working together (dress-up, playing on same kitchen equipment)
Imitative and imaginary play are important

68
Q

Preschool cognitive thinking

A

Exhibits magical thinking and believes their thoughts are powerful
May feel guilty about bad thoughts
Views illness as punishment because of magical thinking = regression, refusal to cooperate

69
Q

Hospitalizations for preschoolers

A

Use puppets/dolls to demonstrate procedures
Adhesive bandages after injections
Avoid invasive procedures in child’s room - perform in treatment room

70
Q

School age growth in height

A

2 inches per year
Girls grow faster than boys
Ages 10-13 = rapid growth

71
Q

Age that permanent teeth start to erupt

A

6

72
Q

Preschool Erikson stage of development

A

Initiative vs. guilt

73
Q

School age Erikson stage of development

A

Industry vs. inferiority - desire for achievement
Sense of inferiority can stem from unrealistic expectations or a sense of failing to meet standards
When a child feels inadequate, their self-esteem declines

74
Q

School age play

A

Becomes more competitive and complex

Ex. team sports, secret clubs, “gang” activities, puzzles, board games

75
Q

Significant skill during school age development

A

Reading

76
Q

School age nutrition

A

Child’s preference reflects the family’s

77
Q

School age Piaget stage of development

A

Concrete operations - objective thinking, seeing another’s point of view
Unable to plan for future or view the hypothetical

78
Q

Reaction formation

A

Defense mechanism in which the child assumes an attitude that is opposite of the impulse they harbor
(Exhibited in school age)

79
Q

Hospitalizations for school age children

A

Stressors = immobilization, fear of manipulation, death, concerns over modesty
Perceive external forces as cause for illness
Encourage verbalization, ok to cry, give factual information, use models to demonstrate concepts/procedures

80
Q

Adolescent growth in height

A

Girls - 2-8 inches

Boys - 4-12 inches

81
Q

Adolescents need sufficient ___ and ___ for bone and muscle growth

A

Milk (calcium) and protein

82
Q

Common nutritional deficiencies in adolescents

A

Iron, folate, zinc

83
Q

Adolescent Erikson stage of development

A

Identity vs role diffusion

84
Q

Adolescent Piaget stage of development

A

Formal operations

Idealism - envisioning a perfect world
Egocentrism - preoccupation with one’s own power of thought, “everyone is watching me and concerned about me”, thinks ones own thoughts and feelings are special

85
Q

Hospitalizations for adolescents

A

Fears in alterations in body image, separation from peers, restricted independence
Illness as a punishment
May experience denial
Respect privacy, encourage participation in their own health management

86
Q

Separation-individuation

A

Adolescents exhibit rebellious behavior, begin to separate themselves from caregivers

87
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring of a feeling about or a response to one object onto another usually less threatening substitute object
(Exhibited in adolescents)

CERT STUDY (14 decks)

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