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Development Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson Stages of Development

A

Infancy (0-1) = Trust vs. mistrust
Toddler (1-3) = Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Preschool (3-6) = Initiative vs. guilt
School age (6-12) = Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescence = Identity vs. role diffusion

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2
Q

Freud Stages of Development

A 
Infancy (0-1) = Oral
Toddler (1-3) = Anal
Preschool (3-6) = Phallic
School age (6-12) = Latency
Adolescence = Genital
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3
Q

Piaget Stages of Development

A

Infancy (0-1), Toddler (1-3) = Sensorimotor
Preschool (3-6) = Pre-operational
School age (6-12) = Concrete operations
Adolescence = Formal operations

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4
Q

Kohlberg Stages of Development

A 
Toddler (1-3), Preschool (3-6) = Pre-conventional
School age (6-12) = Conventional
Adolescence = Post-conventional
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5
Q

Infant growth in length from 0-6 months

A

1 inch (2.5 cm) per month

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6
Q

Infant growth in length from 6-12 months

A

Birth length increases by 50%

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7
Q

Infant growth in weight from 0-6 months

A

1.5 lbs per month

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8
Q

Infant weight at 5 months

A

Birth weight doubles

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9
Q

Anterior fontanel closes between ____

A

12-18 months

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10
Q

Posterior fontanel closes at ____

A

2 months

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11
Q

Solid foods introduced at ____

A

6 months

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12
Q

First food that should be introduced

A

Rice cereal - easy to digest, allergic reactions are rare, contains iron

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13
Q

Breast fed infant stools

A

Mustard color, soft/even consistency, sour odor
4-5 stools per day
More absorbed, may not have stool for days

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14
Q

Bottle fed infant stools

A

Yellow to brown, soft or formed
Soy based formula - green color stools
2-4 stools per day

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15
Q

Fluoride supplement use

A

6 months or older who are exclusively breast fed, use ready-to-feed formula, or have inadequate fluorinated water

Take 20 min before feeding

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16
Q

Teeth cleaning

A

Wipe baby’s teeth with damp cloth

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17
Q

Gross motor development - 3 months

A

No head lag

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18
Q

Gross motor development - 5 months

A

Rolls from front to back

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19
Q

Gross motor development - 7 months

A

Sits leaning forward

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20
Q

Gross motor development - 8 months

A

Sits unsupported

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21
Q

Gross motor development - 9 months

A

Pulls to stand

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22
Q

Gross motor development - 10 months

A

Walks holding onto objects

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23
Q

Gross motor development - 12 months

A

Walks while holding someone’s hand

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24
Q

Fine motor development - 1 month

A

Strong grasp

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25
Fine motor development - 3 months
Actively holds object, grasp reflex fades
26
Fine motor development - 5 months
Grasps voluntarily, hand to hand transfer
27
Fine motor development - 9 months
Pincer grasp
28
Fine motor development - 12 months
2-block tower
29
Socialization - 2 months
Smiles
30
Socialization - 3 months
Recognizes familiar faces
31
Socialization - 5 months
Smiles at mirror
32
Socialization - 6 months
Fear of strangers
33
Language - 1-2 months
Coos
34
Language - 3-4 months
Laughs, babbles
35
Language - 8 months
Mama
36
Language - 9 months
Understands "no"
37
Language - 12 months
Says between 4-10 words
38
Toddler age
1-3 years
39
Toddler growth in height
3 inches per year
40
Toddler height at 2 years
Half of expected adult height
41
Toddler weight at 2.5 years
Birth weight quadruples
42
Milk should be limited to ____ in toddlers
1 qt - to help ensure intake of iron-enriched foods
43
Used to screen for anemia in toddlers
Hematocrit
44
Physiologic anorexia
Experienced by many toddlers/preschoolers - picky eaters, experiencing foods jags, eating large amounts one day and small amounts the next
45
Foods that make toddlers at risk for aspirating
Peanuts, carrots, celery, hotdogs
46
Food should not be used as ____ for toddlers
Reward or punishment
47
Gross motor development - 15 months
Walks without help
48
Gross motor development - 18 months
Walks up stairs while holding hand
49
Gross motor development - 24 months
Walks up stairs one step at a time
50
Gross motor development - 30 months
Jumps with both feet
51
Fine motor development - 15 months
2-block tower, scribbles spontaneously
52
Fine motor development - 18 months
4-block tower
53
Fine motor development - 30 months
8-block tower, copies cross
54
Toddler fears (5)
Loss of parents, stranger anxiety, loud noises, going to sleep, large animals
55
Toddler play
Parallel play - children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another's behavior
56
Toddler toys
Push-pull toys, no detachable or small parts, finger painting Changes toy frequently
57
Toilet training stage of development
Freud's anal stage - toddler begins to gain control over anal sphincter
58
Signs toddler is ready for toilet training (6)
Shows interest in toilet/potty chair Stays dry for 2 hours with regular bowel movements Can sit, walk, or squat Can verbalize desire to void or stool Exhibits willingness to please parents Wants to have soiled diaper changed immediately
59
Sleep problems in preschool age (5)
Nightmares, night terrors, difficulty settling down, extending nighttime rituals, nighttime awakenings Night light, blanket may help
60
Gross motor development - 3 years
Rides tricycle, goes up stairs on opposite feet, stands on one foot for a couple of seconds, broad jump
61
Gross motor development - 4 years
Skips, hops on one foot, catches ball, goes downstairs using alternate feet
62
Gross motor development - 5 years
Skips on alternate feet, throws and catches ball, jumps rope, balances on alternate feet with eyes closed
63
Fine motor development - 3 years
9, 10-block tower, copies circle, draws cross
64
Fine motor development - 4 years
Lace shoes, copies square, traces diamond, adds 3 parts of stick figure
65
Fine motor development - 5 years
Ties shoe laces, uses scissors, copies diamond and triangle, adds 7-9 parts of stick figure, prints a few letters/numbers/first name
66
Preschooler fears (6)
The dark, being left alone, animals, ghosts, body mutilation, pain/objects and people associated with painful experiences
67
Preschool play
Associative play - playing the same game without necessarily working together (dress-up, playing on same kitchen equipment) Imitative and imaginary play are important
68
Preschool cognitive thinking
Exhibits magical thinking and believes their thoughts are powerful May feel guilty about bad thoughts Views illness as punishment because of magical thinking = regression, refusal to cooperate
69
Hospitalizations for preschoolers
Use puppets/dolls to demonstrate procedures Adhesive bandages after injections Avoid invasive procedures in child's room - perform in treatment room
70
School age growth in height
2 inches per year Girls grow faster than boys Ages 10-13 = rapid growth
71
Age that permanent teeth start to erupt
6
72
Preschool Erikson stage of development
Initiative vs. guilt
73
School age Erikson stage of development
Industry vs. inferiority - desire for achievement Sense of inferiority can stem from unrealistic expectations or a sense of failing to meet standards When a child feels inadequate, their self-esteem declines
74
School age play
Becomes more competitive and complex | Ex. team sports, secret clubs, "gang" activities, puzzles, board games
75
Significant skill during school age development
Reading
76
School age nutrition
Child's preference reflects the family's
77
School age Piaget stage of development
Concrete operations - objective thinking, seeing another's point of view Unable to plan for future or view the hypothetical
78
Reaction formation
Defense mechanism in which the child assumes an attitude that is opposite of the impulse they harbor (Exhibited in school age)
79
Hospitalizations for school age children
Stressors = immobilization, fear of manipulation, death, concerns over modesty Perceive external forces as cause for illness Encourage verbalization, ok to cry, give factual information, use models to demonstrate concepts/procedures
80
Adolescent growth in height
Girls - 2-8 inches | Boys - 4-12 inches
81
Adolescents need sufficient ___ and ___ for bone and muscle growth
Milk (calcium) and protein
82
Common nutritional deficiencies in adolescents
Iron, folate, zinc
83
Adolescent Erikson stage of development
Identity vs role diffusion
84
Adolescent Piaget stage of development
Formal operations Idealism - envisioning a perfect world Egocentrism - preoccupation with one's own power of thought, "everyone is watching me and concerned about me", thinks ones own thoughts and feelings are special
85
Hospitalizations for adolescents
Fears in alterations in body image, separation from peers, restricted independence Illness as a punishment May experience denial Respect privacy, encourage participation in their own health management
86
Separation-individuation
Adolescents exhibit rebellious behavior, begin to separate themselves from caregivers
87
Displacement
Transferring of a feeling about or a response to one object onto another usually less threatening substitute object (Exhibited in adolescents)

CERT STUDY (14 decks)

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