Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
What 2 drugs can be used more effectively to TX Aspergillosis locally in dogs? (TQ)
Enilconazole
Clotrimazole
What are the 3 systemic imidazoles?
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
What is the major S.E. of imidazoles?
Inhibits CYP450
Which drugs can be used to locally TX Guttural Pouch Mycosis in equines?
Thiobendazole
Nystatin
Enilconazole
Anti-tussives should only be used when?
Only w/ severe NON-PRODUCTIVE cough
What are the opioids used as anti-tussives?
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
Dextromethorphan
Which opioids have limited S.E.?
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Anti-tussive w/ low potency & weak CNS suppression. Used in horses & cattle (TQ)
Dextromethorphan
Which drug has beneficial effects in horses (BAL procedure)?
Butorphanol
How does Acetylcystiene modify airway mucus?
Breaks up by disrupting disulphydryl bonds
A _____ of respiratory lumen will lead to an increase of resistance. (TQ)
Decrease
diameter/2 = resistance*16
What 3 classes of drugs can you use to modify airway resistance? (TQ)
ACH M3 ANTagonists
Beta 2 agonists
PDE-inhibitors
What 4 drugs can be used to stimulate respiration?
Crotethemaide
Lobeline
Doxapram
Etamiphylline
What 3 drugs can be used to suppress the cough reflex?
Codeine phosphate
Hydrocodone
Dihydrocodone
What 4 drugs can be used to modify airway mucus consistency?
N-acetylcystein
Bromhexine
Ambroxol
Dembrexine
What 2 drugs are stimulating expectorants?
Guajacol
Guaifenisine
What 3 drugs are reflex expectorants?
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Potassium iodide
What is a non-specific anticholingeric drug used to modify airway resistance?
Atropine
(ER only)
What anticholingeric can be used to evaluate responsiveness in COPD?
Butylscopolamine
Which 3 anticholingeric drugs can you administer per inhalation? (stays local & don’t need [high])
Ipratropium bromide
Oxitropium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
What are the 3 effects of beta 2 agonists binding to the G-protein coupled receptor? (know)
- activates adenylate cyclase
- incr. cAMP production
- activates of PKA
- bronchoDILATION
What are the 3 Beta-2 agonists used to modify airway resistance? (know)
Clenbuterol
Salbutamol
Albuterol
Which alpha1- adrenergic decongestant causes reflex vasoDILATION?
Phenylephrine
What are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors used to modify airway resistance?
Xanthine
Methylxanthine
Theophylline (most used clinically)
MOA of Theophylline.
Believed to inhibit PDE–> incr. cAMP–> incr. mucociliary clearance
Never give NSAIDs under what conditions?
Acute severe bronchoconstriction –> DEATH
Asthma (aspirin induced asthma)
What are the 2 mast cell stabilizers? (TQ)
Sodium cromoglicate
Nedocromil sodium
What are the 4 ways glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation & inhibit mediator release?
stabilize membranes
reduce mucosal edema
suppress immune rxns
sensitize smooth mm. to Beta adrenergic drugs
Don’t combine expectorants w/ what?
Alpha adrenergics (decrease secretions)
What are the 3 classes of drugs commonly used as bronchoDILATORS? (TQ)
Xanthine derivatives
Anticholinergics
Beta agonists
4 steps to bronchoCONSTRICTION via Ach M3 Activation. (TQ)
- PIP2 —> IP3 & DAG by PhosphoLIPASE C
- DAG= activates phosphoKINASE C
- IP3= Ca release & Calmodulin complexes
- smooth mm. contraction
