Parasitology Final Flashcards
1
Q
Common name for Musca Autumnalis
A
Facefly
2
Q
What type of Muscoid fly is the Facefly?
A
Non-biting muscoid –> sucking labia (no piercing parts)
3
Q
L.C. of Musca autumnalis?
A
Lay eggs in cattle dung < 1 h. old
eggs hatch w/in a few hrs.
maggots emerge & feed on fecal matter
Grow to 3rd instar stage & pupate
10-20 d. later emerge as adults
4
Q
M. autumalis is the IH of what?
A
Thelazia (cattle eye worm)
5
Q
What is M. autumalis a biological vector of?
A
Morxella bovis
causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or pink eye.
6
Q
What is the habitat of M. autumnalis?
A
prefer cattle & horse faces
fence & vegatation
DO NOT ENTER BUILDINGS
7
Q
Key characteristics of Stomoxys
A
biting muscoid fly
protruding bayonet-like mouthparts
males & females suck blood
checkerboard pattern
8
Q
Where do Stomoxys prefer to lay their eggs?
A
decaying vegetative matter
9
Q
What is Stomoxys the IH for?
A
Habronema (horse stomach worm)
cutaneous deposition of L3 Habronema can cause skin ulcers if enters broken skin
10
Q
What is the common name for Stomoxys?
A
stable fly
11
Q
What is the common name of Haematobia?
A
horn fly
12
Q
Characterisitics of Haematobia?
A
Biting Muscoid fly
bayonet-like mouth parts
male & females suck blood
13
Q
Habitat of Haematobia?
A
prefer pastures
toplines of animals (whithers) and around the horns of cattle
cattle > horses
14
Q
Where do Haematobia like to lay their eggs?
A
fresh manure < 30 min old
15
Q
What are Haematobia the IH of?
A
Stephanofilaria stilesi
(filarial parasite of skin of cattle)
16
Q
What is the economic importance of Muscoid flies?
A
- decreased production
- meat, milk, hide
- allergies
- stinging
- annoyance
- blood loss
- parasite & dz vectors
17
Q
What is the common name of Melophagus ovinus?
A
sheep ked
18
Q
Characteristics of Melophagus ovinus?
A
Hippoboscid fly
wingless dipteran
male & females suck blood
19
Q
Habitat of Melophagus ovinus?
A
live entire life in the wool of sheep
20
Q
L.C. of Melophagus ovinus?
A
“Modified” complex metamorphosis
larvae develop inside female
extruded larvae pupate w/in few hrs
pupul case remains glued to wool
adult fly emerges in 3-6 wks
(temp dependent)
21
Q
How do you spell Dr. P’s last name?
A
Pinckney
22
Q
What is Facultative Myiasis?
A
a. k.a Secondary Myiasis
* Musca domestica*, blow flies or bottle flies
normally free-living
Under certain circumstances they may adapt themselves to a parasitic existence
23
Q
What is myiasis?
A
parasitic infestation of a living organs or tissues by dipteran larvae
24
Q
What is “Strike”?
A
any cutaneous myiasis in sheep
25
What is Obligatory Myiasis?
a.k.a Primary Myiasis
parasite is dependent upon the animal for a certain portion of its L.C.
MUST utilize a host to complete its L.C.
26
What is the common name of
*Cochliomyia hominivorax*?
Primary (American) Screwworm
27
Characteristics of *Cochliomyia hominivorax*?
any warm-blooded animal (humans!)
metallic blue, green body and reddish orange face.
mature larvae --\> distinct bands of spines w/ 2 deeply pigmented breathing tubes 1/3 of their length
(looks like screw)
28
Is *Cochliomyia hominivorax* reportable if found on lifestock?
YES!!!!
29
How can we control & eradicate
*Cochliomyia hominivorax*?
sterile male release technique
females only breed once then die
30
Where do *Cochliomyia hominivorax* prefer to lay their eggs?
in clean (fresh) wounds
require living tissue
31
Characteristics of Complex Metamorphosis
* Developmental stage bears no resemblance to adult
* Worm like larva
* Pupa is the resting stage
* Adult emerges from pupa
32
Characteristics of "Modified" Complex Metamorphosis
* Female retains larvae in her body
* Eggs laid on host
* Eggs pupate shortly after being laid
33
What is the common name for *Hypoderma**?*
* Cattle Grub
* Cattle Heel Fly
* Ox Warble
* Warble Fly
34
What is the characteristics of *Hypoderma*?
* Complex Metamorphosis
* Obligatory Myiasis
* Bumble bee- like appearance
* NO fxning mouth parts
35
When do you treat *Hypoderma*?
Summer or Early Autumn
(will get esophagitis, bloat or spinal canal lesions if TX during winter)
36
Which *Hypoderma* stages cause pathogenesis in cattle?
**Adults** - fright b/c look like bumblebees
**Young**- "Gadding" (severe damage to hide)
37
What happens if you rupture the larva of *Hypoderma*?
Localized inflammation & abscess formation
38
What species are affected by *Oestrus*?
Sheep & Goats
39
Characteristics of *Oestrus*?
* No fxning mouth parts
* Active during summer months
* Modified Complex Metamorphosis
* Obligatory Myiasis
* RARELY parasitize humans & other domestic animals
40
What is "False Gid"?
when *Oestrus* larvae penetrate the cribiform plate & mirgrate to the brain
41
What is the common name of *Gasterophilus*?
Horse Stomach Bot Fly
42
Characteristics of *Gasterophilus*?
* Honeybee like appearance
* No fxning mouthparts
* Complex Metamorphosis
* Obligatory Myiasis
* **Long prepatent period (10-12 mo)**
* No issues unless purfurate the stomach
43
L.C. of *Gasterophilus*?
1. Females lay eggs on legs, nostrils or lips of horses
2. larva migrate to stomach & mature
3. Larva crawl back up esophagus & expelled
4. Larvae pupaute in ground
5. Emerge as adults
44
What is the common name for *Cuterebra*?
Wolves worms
Warbles
45
Characteristics of *Cuterebra*?
* Black & white looking honeybee
* No fxning mouth parts
* Mature larva are black w/ spines
* Complex Metamorphosis
* Obligatory Myiasis
46
What is the L.C. of *Cuterebra*?
1. Lay eggs near rodent borrows
2. Larva catch rides on passing rodents
3. Larva enter through physiological orifices
4. Larva migrate in SQ tissue & generate large inflammed cysts
5. Drog out & pupate on ground
47
What can *Cuterebra* cause in cats, dogs & humans?
* CNS signs b/c moving through cribiform plate
48
What are all maggots?
**BUTT BREATHERS!!!!!**
| (ewwww)
49
Characteristics of fleas?
* Not host specific
* Both sexes are bloodsuckers
* ONLY adults are parasitic
* Larvae are "maggot like" & eat flea dirt
50
Which flea commonly infects Poultry?
*Echidnophaga*
51
Common name for *Echidnophaga*?
Stick-tight fleas
52
What flea transmits the Plague?
*Xenopsylla*
53
What are some C.S. of *Echidnophaga* in birds?
Lesions on comb & wattles
54
What insect is the culprit of a "Bubo"?
*Xenopsylla*
55
What is the difference between Sucking & Chewing lice?
Chewing lice have big, fat heads that are wider than their thorax
56
What type of lice is *Trichodectes*? Who does it affect?
Chewing louse of the Dog
| (remember it's an insect- has 6 legs!)
57
What type of lice do birds get?
Chewing Lice ONLY
58
What species are affected by *Linognathus*?
* sheep & goats
* dog, cattle & horses (via Dr. P)
59
Characteristic of *Linognathus*?
1st pair of tarsal claws in smaller than the other pairs
60
What type of lice to cats get? Characteristics?
* ONLY chewing lice ***- Felicola***
* triangular head
61
What species does *Damilinia* infect?
Chewing louse of horse
| (can do rumis too)
62
What is the sucking louse that infects horses?
Haematopinus
63
Characteristic of *Haematopinus*?
All tarsal claws are equal size
64
Which species of lice is the "Hog Louse"?
*Haematopinus suis*
65
*Solenopotes* only infect what animal?
moo cows!!
66
What is the common name for *Pthirus*?
HUMAN crab louse
67
What is prevalence of bed bugs?
resurgence
68
Characteristics of bed bugs?
* no wings
* switch-blade proboscis
* **can survive for more than a yr w/o a blood meal**
69
What is this???
*Pentastome*
70
What is this?
*Pentastome*
71
What is this?
*Pentastome*
72
What family does this egg belong to?
*Pentastome*
73
What is this a larvae of?
*Pentastome*
74
What is this a nymph of?
*Pentastome*
75
Characteristics of *Pentastome*?
* Tongue Worm
* **Parasites have one mouth & 4 hooked claws**
* **Zoonotic**
* Humans are accidental hosts & can get infected by ingesting undercooked meat w/ nymphal stages
76
A client brings you his pet snake & dog. Both animals show respiratory signs. What should be on your DDX for parasites?
* Mite pneumonsoides
* *Pentastome*
77
What type of LC does *Pentastome* have?
Indirect LC
78
What *Pentastome* is found in the nasal/paranasal sinuses of dogs & cats?
*Linguatula serrata*
79
What is this?
*Pthirus pubis*
80
General characteristics of Hard Ticks.
* mouthparts
* bodies
* Females' scutum ONLY covers the anterior part of the dorsum (just behind capitulum
* Males don't get as large b/c scutum covers entire dorsum
81
A client calls you out to her farm b/c her horse is acting weird. When you get there, you notice the horse has muscle fasciculations & sweating. What should you supsect?
*Otobius*
Check horse's ear for larval or 2 nymphal stages
82
What is the common name for *Ixodes*?
"Black-legged" deer tick
83
Characteristics of *Ixodes*?
* ANAL GROOVE
* Inornate
* No festoons (butt ridges)
84
Which 2 hard ticks are ornate w/ festoons?
1. *Dermacenter*
2. *Amblyomma*
85
Which tick borne disease can be transmitted sexually?
Lyme Dz caused by *Borrelia burgdorferi*
86
How are the following diseases of *Ixodes* transmitted?
* *Borrelia burgdorferi* = Interstadial
* *Anaplasma* = Interstadial
* *Babesia* = Transovarian (except *Babesia equii*)
87
The Powassan Virus is transmitted to humans via what tick vector? (2)
* Ixodes*
* Dermacentor*
88
Why is Powassan Virus such a big concern?
Majority of people infected w/ this virus die rapidly
89
What can you expect to happen if a mare is infected w/ *Babesia*?
Abortion
90
Why are *Babesia bovis* & *B. bigemina* such a problem?
Out of control b/c have adapted their life cycle to wild ruminants (white tail deer)
91
Characteristics of *Dermacentor*?
* Ornate
* Festoons
* Short to medium palps
92
Ticks that cause "tick paralysis"
* *Ixodes*
* *Dermacentor*
* *Amblyomma*
93
Which 2 ticks can transmit Powassan Virus?
* *Ixodes*
* *Dermacentor*
94
What can *Dermacentor* transmit?
* POWV
* RMSF
* Tick paralysis
* ***Cytauxzoon felis***
* *Tularemia*
* *Anaplasma marginale*
* Q fever
95
Which protozoa causes fatal disease in cats (w/in 48 hrs)?
*Cytauxzoon felis*
| (come in dead & you see piroplasts)
96
What are the target cells of *C. felis*? What C.Ss do they cause?
* Macrophages - Vasculitis
* RBCs - Hemolytic anemia
97
Reservoir for *C. felis*?
bobcats
98
Owner brings you in their dead dog. You see piroplasts, macrophages full of protozoan, & hemorrhage? What is it?
*Hepatozoon americanum*
99
What tick in Grenada is implicated in the transmission of *Ehrlichia*?
*Rhipicephalus*
100
How does Boophilus transmit *Babesia* to cattle? What other animal does it like?
* Transovarian
* White Tailed deer
101
Characteristics of *Amblyomma*?
* ornate
* festoons
* mouthparts are longer than the basis capituli
* PAINFUL BITE
102
Which hard tick is reportable?
*Boophilus*
103
Why can you not import wild African Leopard Tortoises?
B/c they can harbor *Amblyomma* larvae and nypmhs which can transmit ***Ehrlichia ruminatum* (Heartwater Dz**)
104
Dog comes in with periosteal proliferation. What's the next step? DDX?
Biopsy
*Hepatozoon americanum* transmitted by *Amblyomma*
105
If a person has a red meat allergy what tick were they likely bitten by?
*Amblyomma*
(allergen has been identified as a carbohydrate called Alpha-Galactose, commonly known as alpha gal.)
106
Which species of *Amblyomma* is this? (Lone star Tick)
*Amblyomma americanum*
107
Which species of *Amblyomma* is this?
*Amblyomma maculatum*
108
What is the prognosis of a dog infected with *Hepatozoon americanum*?
Guarded b/c more severe
109
How do dogs get *Hepatozoon*?
Ingest an *Amblyomma* tick containing sporulated oocysts of *Hepatozoon*.
110
Characteristics of Soft Ticks
* mouthparts not visible from dorsal view
* lack a dorsal shield or scutum
* hard to tell sexes apart unless engorged
* Skin = leathery, wrinkled, granulated, mammillated or covered w/ bumps/spines (EXCEPT LARVAE)
111
What is the common name for *Argas*?
Fowl tick
112
You find *Argas* on your young chickens. What C.S. will you also suspect to see?
flaccid paralysis
113
What is the common name of *Otobius*?
Spine nose ear tick
114
Which Soft Tick is rarely zoonotic?
*Otobius*
115
Does adult *Otobius* feed?
No way jose
116
Characteristics of *Mesostigmata* (mites)
* blood sucking mites of birds, rodents & reptiles
* legs confined to anterior ½ of body
* stigmata is between 3rd & 4th coxae
* Peritreme
* Chelicerae (piercing mouthparts)
* Berlese technique
* -ZOONOTIC if definitive host is not around
117
What is the blood sucking mite of reptiles?
*Ophionyssus*
BEWARE could be ZOONOTIC
118
How would you DX *Ophionyssus* in snakes?
* put snake bedding in Berlese Funnel
* snake not properly shedding its skin
119
What is the blood sucking nasal & paranasal respiratory mite of dogs?
*Pneumonyssoides*
120
What is the C.S. seen in dogs w/ *Pneumonyssoides*?
* sneezing
* epistasis
* coughing
121
Characteristics of *Pneumonyssoides*.
* Ovoviviparous (Larvae in egg) females
* No nymphal stage
* Transmission: direct transfer of 6 legged larvae from dog to dog
122
How can you DX *Pneumonyssoides*?
* rhinoscopy
* nasal swabbing
* nasal flushing of sinuses
123
In what large animal is *Sarcoptes* not reportable?
Swine
| (oink, oink)
124
Characteristics of *Sarcoptes*.
* big & round
* long stalk
* no segmentation
* burrow deep into skin
125
My guinea pig is flipping out!!! What could it be doc?
(PE= seizures from scratching skin, self trauma, hyperkeratosis, alopecia, & intense pruritis)
*Trixacarus* mite
126
What is the rare form of mange w/ lots of hair loss but no pruritis affects seen in immunocompromised dogs?
Norweign scabies
127
What causes Scaley leg in chickens, canaries, turkeys & pheasants?
*Knemidokoptes*
128
Where will you find *Knemidokoptes*?
burrowing in the epidermis around legs, beak, back & vent
129
Which animals are *Psoeptes* reporatble in?
Large animals
130
Characteristics of *Psoroptes*?
* Don't burrow
* intense pruritis with scabs & crusting
* long 3 segmented pedicles
* "Scab mite"
* External ear canal of rabbits
* Rhasta sheep
131
A hedgehog comes in & has lost all its quills. What do you suspect?
*Chorioptes*
132
Characteristics of *Chorioptes*
* don't burrow
* short, unsegmented pedicles
* cause hair loss on back, mane, fetlock & tail head
133
Dog, cat, kitten, puppy, fox or ferret comes in w/ black stuff in their ear. See a mite w/ short stalk & caruncles. What is it?
Otodectes
134
What is *Cheyletiella*?
causative agent of "walking dandruff" (scaling & mild pruritis)
135
What are the hosts of *Cheyletiella*?
Dogs, cats, rabbits & humans
ZOONOTIC
Highly contangious
136
What is unquie about *Demodex* infections?
very host specific, every mammal has its own kind
137
How does *Demodex* present in large animals?
large nodules
must lance & examine debris to DX
138
What is the common name for *Demodex*?
Red Mange
139
When can *Demodex* be severe?
if have sqaumous or pustule form
140
What is a common way that *Demodex* is transmitted in dogs?
Common transmission from dam to pup during sucking from skin not milk signs \<7mths
141
Characteristics of Chiggers
* Hosts: dogs, cats, rabbits, all large animals & man
* Parasitic larvae (nymphs & adults non parasitic)
* Immonogenic saliva
* Zoonotic
142
Puppy comes in w/ localized hair loss that becomes generalized what does this indicate?
T-cell autosommal recessive issue (compromised immune system)
*Demodex* is normal flora
Going to be difficult to control b/c of immune issues
143
What can cause adult onset of *Demodex*?
Estrus or other immunocompromissing events
144
What life stages of Chiggers are parastitic?
Just larvae
