Repro Path additional cards Flashcards
What would you see in the repro tract of a mini schnauzer with PMDS?
normal external genitalia
testes attached to cranial end of uterine horns
have: oviducts, uterus, cervix & anterior vagina
What causes PMDS?
lack of MIS or receptor –> persistent Mullerian ducts
Where is the Wolffian duct derived from?
mesonephric ridge
Where is the Mullerian ducts derived from?
lateral surface of mesonephric ridge
How is the undifferentiated gonad formed?
primordial germ cells migrate from embryonic yolk sack to genital ridge
Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts give rise to?
epididymis, ductus deferens, & seminal vesicles
The urogenital sinus of males gives rise to?
prostate & bulbourethral glands
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct gives rise to?
oviduct, uterus, cervix & ANTERIOR vagina
Urogenital sinus of females gives rise to?
CAUDAL vagina
How is sexual differentiation achieved in the male?
- gene on Y chromosome –> SRY–> testes w/ Sertoli cells
- testes produce MIF –> regresses Mullerian ducts
- Leydig cells –> testosterone –> Wolffian ducts remain
- Testosterone –> DHT –> external genitalia
How is sexual differentiation achieved in the female?
- No Y chromosome–> no MIH–> Wolffian ducts regress
Which type of pseudohermaphrodite is more common?
male w/ male gonadal tissue
What is the best example of chimera in vet med?
Freemartin
female & male calf twins
Pathogenesis of Freemartinism?
- mixing of blood between male & female calf twins
- partial masculinization of female –> sertoli cells –> MIF
- uterus & vagina never connect
- external genitalia is often female
What are the 2 forms of bacterial oophoritis? (RARE)
- pyogenic –> D & C–> ascending infection
2. granulomatous –> M. bovis & B. suis
Which species most commonly gets paraovarian cysts?
mares
Cystic ovarian dz. is most common in what animals? Manifestation?
dairy cows
Anesturs
What is believed to cause Cystic Ovarian Dz?
Lack of a LH surge
Cystic ovarian dz can also be an important source of infertility for _____.
sows
What causes Cystic Ovarian dz in sows?
- multiple large cysts –> 2-3 cm diameter–> progesterone –> irregular cycles
small multiple cysts–> 1 cm –> “grapes” –> estrogen & irregular cycles
When does cystic ovarian dz affect dairy cows?
60 post partum
more frequent in winter months
Most common ovarian neoplasm in the mare & cow?
Granulosa cell tumor
often benign
can be fxnal –> estrogens, androgens or inhibin
Fxnal Granulosa Cell Tumor secreting Inhibin will cause what?
Anestrus in the mare or cow (less frequent)
Fxnal Granulosa Cell Tumor secreting Androgens will cause what?
Stallion-like behavior in the mare
Fxnal Granulosa Cell Tumor secreting Estrogens will cause what?
nymphomania in the mare
What 2 species is Uterine Prolapse common?
ruminants & sows
What is an important cause of infertility in domestic animals?
uterine inflammation
most from ascending infections
When is the uterus more susceptible to infection?
under the influence of PROGESTERONE
How can bacteria gain entry to the uterus?
result of abnormal delivery of dead or diseased fetus
Persistent penile frenulum is most common in what animal?
Bull
Pathogenesis of persistent penile frenulum?
CT of frenulum does not rupture causing ventral deviation of the penis once it’s extended
Common causes of orchitis/epididymitis in bulls?
B. abortus Trueperlla pyogenes Staph. sp. Strep sp E. coli
Common causes of orchitis/epididymitis in rams?
B. ovis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Common causes of orchitis/epididymitis in bucks?
B. melitensis
T. pyogenes
C. pseudotuberculosis
Common causes of orchitis/epididymitits in dogs?
B. canis
E. coli
P. vulgaris
B. dermatitidis
Common causes of orchitis/epididymitis in boars?
B. suis
T. pyogenes
Strep zooepidemicus/equisimilis
Common causes of orchitits/epididymitits in stallions?
Salmonella
Strep. equi/zooepidemicus
What species frequently gets seminal vesiculitits?
bull –> reduces semen viability
due to T. pyogenes, Staph, Strep., Mycoplasma or IBR & BVD
3 most common testicular neoplasms in dogs?
- Interstitial Cell Tumor (Leydig cell tumor) –> gonadal stromal
- Seminoma –> germ cell
- Sertoli Cell Tumor –> gonadal stromal
What is a teratoma? Are they common? in what?
- Testicular germ cell tumor composed of multiple tissues that are foreign to the part in which they arise
- rare
- young horses that are cryptorchid
Pathogenesis of TVT in dogs?
- infecting cells are transplanted like a graft
- tumor has 59 chromosomes (normal dog cells=78)
- “promiscuous” dog populations
- often spontaneously regress if dog is healthy
- metastasis can occur
Category I biopsy on the Kenney-Doig Endometrial Biopsy Scale?
essentially normal
inflammation or fibrosis is slight & sparsley scattered
Predicted foaling rate of a mare w/ a Cat. I biopsy?
80-90%
Category IIA on the Kenney-Doig Endometrial Biopsy Scale?
mild, scattered inflammation & fibrosis
endometrial atrophy in late breeding
Predicted foaling rate of a mare w/ a Cat. IIA biopsy?
50-80%
Category IIB on Kenney-Doig Endometrial Biopsy Scale?
Moderate, scattered inflammation & fibrosis
Predicted foaling rate of a mare w/ a Cat. IIB biopsy?
10-50%
Category III on Kenney-Doig Endometrial Biopsy Scale?
severe irreversible changes
Predicted foaling rate of a mare w/ a Cat. III biopsy?
10%
Which animals have diffuse placentas? (A)
horse & pig
Which animals have zonary placentas? (A)
dog & cat
Which animals have cotyledonary placentas? (A)
ruminants
Which animals have epitheliochorial placentas? (H)
horse, pig & ruminants
Which animals have endotheliochorial placentas? (H)
dog & cat
What is the most common route of entry of bacteria into the mammary gland?
teat orifice or teat duct
What 2 ways can Mycoplasma enter the mammary gland?
Hematogenous spread or teat orifice
What are the coagulate (-) Staph.?
S. xylosis
S. warneri
S. simulans
How does Trueperella enter the mammary gland?
through teat orifice (ascending) or deep cutaneous wound (suppurative mastitis)
What 2 things cause viral mastitis in small ruminants?
Sheep = Visna-Maedi Goats= CAE
Most common cause of infertility in the male?
testicular atrophy/degeneration
Preputial laceration & prolapse is common in what animals?
Brahma & Brahma-crossed bulls due to their excessive length & volume of preputial sheath
What is $5 word for inflammation of the penis & prepuce?
balanoposthitis
Which animal can get Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia?
older unspayed dogs that have not been mated
What is commonly associated w/ Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia?
pyometra &infertility problems
