Chem - Kabuusu Flashcards
How much blood do you collect for biochemistry? In what tubes?
2 mL
Lithium Heparin & Plain Tube
When should blood be analyzed for biochem?
<1-2 days
Refrigerated blood should be analyzed when?
<2 days
When can frozen blood can be analyzed?
< 3 weeks (some results may change)
What are the markers of kidney dz?
BUN (urea) & creatine
always look @ together
How is BUN formed in the liver?
From ammonia due to bacT action in the bowel & protein catabolism
Is Urea (BUN) toxic?
No
High [urea] is a good indicator of what?
other toxic products
Can you use BUN to estimate GFR?
Not a good estimator; BUN is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules
When will BUN increase in the blood?
Only increases when 75% of nephrons are destroyed
What are some non-renal factors that effect [urea]?
GI hemorrhage
Advanced liver dz
Species differences
Uroperiteum
A small increase in [BUN] is significant in what 2 species?
Ruminants
Equines
What is the term for raised BUN, creatinine or both?
Azotemia
Azotemia can be?
Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal
What can you use to get a good measure of GFR?
Creatinine
What is creatinine a breakdown product of?
muscle metabolism
When will Creatinine increase in the blood?
When 80% of nephrons are damaged
Creatinine is more____ & less _____ than BUN.
specific
sensitive
Is creatinine affected by species, reabsorbed or effected in the GIT?
No
What is the clinical significance of decreased serum creatinine?
Not clinically significant
What is Uremia?
Raised urea & creatinine + clinical signs
What is the best measurement for renal failure in birds? (TQ)
Uric acid
Urine Protein/Creatinine (UPC) ratio is an indicator of what?
quantification of urinary protein loss –> protein losing neuropathy (PLN)
A UPC ratio >1 in benign sediment confirms what dz? (TQ)
Protein Losing Neuropathy (PLN)
A very high UPC ratio indicates what?
severe proteinuria
What makes up the minimum data base?
CBC/Chem
Urinalysis
What are the clinical uses of Urinalysis?
Interpret CBC/Chem
Assess glomerular integrity, metabolic status & renal tubular fxn
Identify inflammation
What will you see in a “spot” urine sample?
epithelial cells & bacT from lower UT
What will you see in a catherterized urine sample?
Bacteria & trace blood false positive
