Integumentary Terms (Path Final) Flashcards
Acantholysis
loss of cohesion btwn keratinocytes caused by the breakdown of intercellular bridges
Acanthosis
thickening of the spinous cell layer (stratum spinosum) of the epidermis
Acral
distal parts of the extremities
Anagen
phase in which hair synthesis takes place
Anaplasia
lack of cellular differentiation & organization, a feature of neoplastic cells
Angioedema
vascular reaction involving the deep dermis or subcutis & consistitng of edema manifested as giant wheals & caused by dilation & increased permeability of capillaries
Angioedema is a deeper version of what?
Urticaria
Ballooning degeneration
marked intracellular fluid accumulation in the cells of the epidermis
Blister
localized collection of fluid usually in or beneath the epidermis
A blister is also known as what? (2)
vesicle or bulla
Bulla
Blister > or = to 1.0 cm
Carinoma in situ
malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that has not invaded through the basement membrane
Catagen
Transition phase of the hair cyle; btwn growth & resting phase
Cellulitis
acute bacT infection of the dermis & subcutis that spreads to surrounding soft tissues
What are the characteristics of Cellulitis? (6)
erythema warmth swelling pain fever enlarged lymph nodes
What is often the source of infection for Cellulitis?
penetrating wound in the area of infection
Comedo (pl= comedones)
plug of follicular stratum corneum & dried sebum in a hair follicle that leads to follicular distention
Cornification
Production of stratum corneum by terminal epidermal differentiation
Material formed by drying of exudate or secretion on the skin surface
crust
Small molecular wt. protein (< 30 kD) that are mediators of inflammation & growth
Cytokines
Naturally pigmented black or brown mycelium or conidium
Dematiaceous
Infection of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair or claws with fungi of the genera Microsporum, Epidermophyton, or Trichophyton
Dermatophytosis
Noninflammatory lesion of the skin
Dermatosis
Dandruff
Detritus
Abnormal, premature or imperfect keratinization
Dyskeratosis
Abnormal development
Dysplasia
Shedding of hair
Effluvium
Degeneration of dermal C.T. leading to accumulation of elastotic fibers
Elastosis
When is elastosis sometimes seen?
w/ solar dermatitis
peripheral expanding ring of scale
Epidermal Collarette
Inflammation of the epidermis
Epidermitis
Separation of the epidermis from the dermis
Epidermolysis
Have a predilection to enter the epidermis or other epithelial structures as seen with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Epidermotropic or Epitheliotropic
Loss of the superficial layers of the epidermis
Erosion
Rapid development of skin lesion associated w/ redness
Eruption
Redness of the skin caused by congestion of capillaries
Erythema
Superficial loss of epidermal layers caused by physical trauma (scratching)
Excoriation
Shedding of layers or scales
Exfoliation
Stage in which old hairs are shed in the hair cycle
Exogen
Fluid, cells or debris from blood vessels deposited in or on other tissues
Exudate
Cleft or groove
Fissure
Inflammation of a hair follicle
Folliculitis
Circumscribed, painful node (accumulation of pus) in the dermis 2ry to follicular rupture
Furuncle
Rupture of follicles usually caused by inflammation, distention &/or trauma to entry of follicular contents into the dermis
Furunculosis
A genetically determined disorder of the skin
Genodermatosis
smooth skin, hairless skin
Glabrous
A localized, tumor-like malformation of mature cells & tissue that includes normal components of the organ in which the hamartoma arises but that is disorganized, present in excess & sometimes larger than normal.
Hamartoma
Is a hamartoma a true neoplasm?
No, b/c it involves the proliferation of more than one cell type & often includes the development of complex structures such as arteries or follicles
Intracellular fluid accumulation in cells of the basal epidermis
Hydropic degeneration
Thickening of the stratum corneum
Hyperkeratosis
Incomplete development
Hypoplasia
Less hair than normal
Hypotrichosis
Congenital skin disorder in which the skin is thickened by scales (hyperkeratosis) that can crack into plates resembling fish scales
Ichthyosis
Bacterial dermatitis characterized by pustules
Impetigo
Slow growing; persistent ulcers on the lips of cats
Indolent
Hardening of the skin as a result of inflammation or fibrosis
Indurated
Inflammation arranged in a layer close to & often obscurring the epidermal-dermal jxn & w/ vacuolated & sometimes apoptotic basal cells. Can be mild or extensive
Interface
Dermatitis that develops b/c of friction btwn apposing skin surfaces
Intertrigo
Epidermal cells that synthesize keratin & comprise more than 90% of epidermal cells
Keratinocytes
Uncommon to rare circumscribed paular, plaque-like, or linear focus of proliferative keratinocytes covered by thick stratum corneum
Keratosis (pl. Keratoses)
What can cause keratosis? (2)
Sun exposure
Idiopathic
An intense focal folliculitis usually caused by a dermatophyte infection
Kerion
Intraepidermal dendritic APCs
Langerhans’ cells
Thickening of skin w/ accentuation of skin creases caused by marked acanthosis
Lichenification
Generally refers to a dense zone of dermal inflammation parallel to the epidermis usually w/o basal cell injury
Lichenoid
Uncommon to rare, often idiopathic, single or grouped papules, plaques or papillomatous foci covered by scale
Lichenoid dermatosis
Histologically composed of epidermal hyperplasia, lichenoid lymphoplasmacytic dermal inflammation, hyperkeratosis & parakeratosis
Lichenoid dermatosis
Flat, circumscribed lesion of altered skin color
Macule
Dark granular pigment produced by melanocytes that is responsible for the brown coloration of hair, skin & other tissues
Melanin
Macrophage containing ingested melanin
Melanophage
A neuroendocrine cell found in the stratum basale
Merkel Cell
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), normal component of intercellular ground substance of the deris; consists of protein bound to hyaluronic acid
Mucin
A mass of hyphae
Mycelium
Slowly progressive infection of the cutaneous & SQ tissue, fascia & sometimes underlying bone caused by traumatic implantation of actinomycetes or fungi
Mycetoma
Traumatic implantation of actinomycetes
Actinomycotic mycetoma
Traumatic implantation of fungi
Eumycotic mycetoma
Non-pitting edema of the skin b/c of abnormal deposits of mucin in the dermis
Myxedema
Ac acute lif-threatening subtype of cellulitis usually caused by Strep. infection & toxin production. Located w/in the SQ fat & fascial planes
Necrotizing fasciitis
What are the appearance of the gross lesions of necrotizing fasciitis?
Painful, hot & swollen areas w/ entensive exudation & necrosis
What can Necrotizing fasciitis progress to?
can progress rapidly to shock
Circumscribed malformation of the skin assumed to be of congenital or inherited origin & consisting of any component of the skin
Nevus
Which term is preferred over nevus?
Hamartoma
A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (> 1cm)
Nodule
Abnormal formation of the claw
Onychodystrophy
Sloughing of the claws
Oncychomadesis
Inflammation of SQ adipose tissue
Panniculitis
Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (< 1cm)
Papule
Retention of pyknotic nuclei in epidermal cells of the stratum corneum
Parakeratosis
Inflammation of skin around the claws
Paronychia
A localized intraepidermal collection of neoplastic lymphocytes characterisitic of epitheliotropuc lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Pautrier’s Microabscess
A group of cutaneous dz’s associated w/ blistering
Pemphigus
Mycotic dz caused by pigmented fungi of a variety of genera & species that do not form sclerotic bodies or gransules
Phaeohyphomycosis
Melanin pigment w/in dermal macrophages or free in the dermis developing via injury to pigment containing basal layer cells
Pigmentary Incontinence
Flat-topped, solid elevation in the skin that occupies a relatively large surface area in comparison w/ its height (> 1 cm)
Plaque
Itching
Pruritus
Small, circumscribed accumulation of pus w/in the epidermis or w/in a hair follicle
Pustule
Pyogenic bacterial infection of the skin
Pyoderma
Term from human med; used to define an ulcerative basal cell carcinoma
Rodent ulcer
Which term is often incorrectly used in Vet Med to describe an indolent ulcer affecting the lips of cats?
Rodent Ulcer
Thin, platelike accumulation of stratum corneum on the surface of the skin
Scale
Nonspecific term for C.S. of scaling, crusting & greasiness
Seborrhea
More specific term, applied to inherited cornification disorders
Primary seborrhea
Secretion of the sebaceous glands
Sebum
Intercellular edema, which, by widening of the intercellular space & stretching of the “intercellular bridges” creates a sponge-like appearance to the epidermis
Spongiosis
Resting phase of the hair cycle
Telogen
Full thickness loss of the epidermis w/ extension into the dermis
Ulcer
Usually transient vascular rxn in the upper dermis consisting of edema manifested clinically as wheals; more superficial version of angioedema
Urticaria
What is another term for wheals?
Hives
Small blister w/in the epidermis or at or below the dermal-epidermal interface (<1.0 cm)
Vesicle
Long, coarse hair located above the nose
Vibrissa
Acquired disorder characterized by circumscribed areas of depigmentation in the skin
Vitilido
Smooth, circumscribed, slightly elevated area on the skin caused by dermal edema
Wheal
Unicellular budding fungus
Yeast