Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Three types of decongestants
Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine
Four types of antitussives
Dextromethorphan, benzonatate, codeine, hydrocodone bitartrate
Action of antitussives
They act on the cough centers of the medulla, throat, trachea, and lungs to raise the threshold for coughing
Action of decongestants
They act on adrenergic receptors to trigger vasoconstriction and indirectly cause the release of norepinephrine
Which drug should be avoided when taking decongestants?
Any MAOI
What substances should be avoided when taking antitussives?
St. John’s Wort, ETOH, sedative-hypnotic drugs, and antidepressants
Why should ET0H, sedative-hypnotics, and antidepressants be avoided when taking antitussives?
They increase the risk of CNS depression
What type of drug is guaifenesin?
Expectorant
Action of expectorants
They liquify the respiratory secretions and loosen mucus to make it easier to cough it up
BUN and Cr should be monitored in renal patients and children when administering which drug?
Guaifenisin/expectorants
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is what generation of antihistamine?
First
Cetirizine (Zyrtec) and Loratadine (Claritin) are what generation of antihistamine?
Second
Fexofenadine (Allegra) is what generation of antihistamine?
Third
This antihistamine can cause thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and hemolytic anemia
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Top three bronchodilators
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, xanthines
What is the top risk when using theophylline and why?
Drug toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic index
True or false: leukotrine receptor antagonists are used for acute asthma attacks
False
Which asthma medication has a BBW due to it having potentially neuropsychotic adverse effects?
Montelukast
Which two TB drugs can cause eye problems?
INH and ethambutol
What is the most serious side effect of pyrazinamide (PZA) and why?
Gout, because it inhibits uric acid secretion
What is the most serious side effect of isoniazid (INH) and why?
Neuropathy, because it inhibits absorption of Vitamin B6
