Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Of the two, is famotidine or cimetidine contraindicated in children under 12?
Cimetidine
What is misoprostol and what is it used for?
A synthetic form of prostaglandin E. It decreases the stomach acid and is given to people taking high doses of NSAIDs
How should antacids be administered for best result?
1 hour after meals and 3 hours before bedtime
What med should not be given to children under 17 and why?
Bismth subsalycilate/Reyes syndrome
What class of drugs are phenothiazines?
Dopamine receptor antagonists
What are pepsin inhibitors used for?
They form a coating over the gastric ulcer (administer on an empty stomach)
Why should older adults be cautious when using PPIs for more than a year?
PPIs decrease stomach acid which is how calcium is absorbed
What are two concerns of taking calcium-containing antacids long-term?
Kidney stones and rebound acidity
Which antacids can be helpful for patients with hyperphosphatemia and why?
Aluminum-based antacids. They bind to phos and help eliminate it
Why should hydroxizine and meclizine be used cautiously in older adults?
They are highly anticholinergic
What class of drug are famotidine and cimetidine?
H2 receptor antagonists
What is the black box warning for loperamide at high doses?
Toursades de pointe and cardiac arrest
Patients with what impairment should use odansetron cautiously?
Hepatic (liver impairment increases the half-life)
Which type of antacid should be avoided for renal patients and why?
Magnesium-based antacids. Renal patients can’t clear phos and are at risk for hyperphosphatemia
What anti-diarrheal requires special considerations for hepatic and renal impairment?
Loperamide
What class of drug is odansetron?
Serotonin-receptor antagnist
Which drug is commonly given to patients with gastropariesis related to diabetes?
Metoclopramide
Which drug can be given for diarrhea associated with E.coli and salmonella?
Rifamaxin
What drug would be given as an IV drip for an active GI bleed?
Pantoprazole
Out of antihistamines, phenothiazines, and 5-HT3 drugs, which are safe for older adults?
5-HT3 drugs
What is the usual treatment for H.pylori?
Two antibiotics and a PPI
Give me the stats on activated charcoal
If administered within first 30 mins it decreases the absorption by 90%. If given an hour after, absorption rate drops to 37%
What class of drugs are pantoprazole and omeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitors
What class of medication are hydroxizine and meclizine and how do they work?
H1 receptor antagonists/they decrease the action of acetylcholine in the brain
