Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Albuterol classification?
Bronchodilator
sympathomimetic
beta-2 agonist
Albuterol onset/duration?
5-8 min after inhalation/ 2-6 hours after inhalation
Albuterol indications?
Bronchial asthma, reversible bronchospasms associated with chronic bronchitis or emphysema with wheezing, hyperkalemia, anaphylaxis
Albuterol contraindications?
Hypersensitivity
Albuterol side effects?
Cardiac dysrhythmias, termors, dizziness, nervousness, headaches, anxiety, palpations, nausea, and tachycardia
Albuterol adult dose?
2.5 mg in 3mL, nebulized until med is gone. May repeat up to 3 total doses
Albuterol peds dose?
2 yo and older: same as adult
Less than 2 yo: give 1/2 of adult dose, 1.5 mL (1.25mg)
Albuterol supply?
2.5mg in 3mL of NS
Albuterol trade name?
Proventil, Ventolin
Benadryl generic name?
Diphenhydramine
Benadryl classification?
Antihistamine
Benadryl actions?
blocks histamine from reacting with H1 and H2 receptors in the blood stream during allergic reactions
Benadryl onset/durations
1-3 hours / 6-12 hours
Benadryl indications?
Anaphylaxis, allergic reactions, acute extrapyramidal reactions
Benadryl contraindications?
acute asthmatic attack, hypersensitivity, nursing mothers
Benadryl side effects?
drowsiness, confusion, hypotension, dry mouth, wheezing and palpations. In large doses, tachycardia and hypertension may occur.
Benadryl adult dose?
1mg/kg up to 50mg IV,IM,PO
Benadryl peds dose?
0.5 mg to 1 mg/kg up to 25 mg IV,IM,PO
Benadryl supply?
50mg/1ml vitals, ampules, and refilled syringes
Etomidate trade name?
Amidate
Etomidate classification?
Nonbarbituate hypnotic, anesthetic
Etomidate actions?
short acting drug that acts at the level of the reticular activating system to produce anesthesia
Etomidate onset/duration?
< 1 min / 5-10 min
Etomidate indications ?
premedication for tracheal intubation or cardioversion
Etomidate contraindications?
hypersensitivity
Etomidate side effects?
Nausea and vomiting, hypotension, difficulty breathing, apnea, involuntary muscle movement
Etomidate adult dose?
0.2-0.6 mg/kg (often 0.3 mg/kg) IV over 30-60 seconds, limit 1 dose
Etomidate supply?
2mg/mL vials
Ipratropium trade name?
Atrovent
Ipratropium classification?
Anticholinergic, bronchodilator
Ipratropium actions?
Inhibits interactions of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and bronchodilation.
Ipratropium onset/duration?
< 15min/ 2-4 hours
Ipratropium indications?
SOB cause by bronchoconstriction, persistent bronchospasms, COPD exacerbation
Ipratropium contraindications?
Hypersensitivity to Ipratropium, atropine, peanuts and/or soy products
Ipratropium side effects?
Nausea and vomiting, cramps, coughing, headaches, tachycardia, dry mouth, blurred vision, anxiety
Ipratropium adult dose?
0.5 mg in 2.5mL NS via pipe nebulizer at 8LPM. May repeat twice as needed. Can be administered with Albuterol.
Ipratropium peds dose?
0.5mg in 2.5mL NS via mask nebulizer at 10LPM. May repeat twice as needed. Can be administered with Albuterol.
Ipratropium supply?
0.5mg in 2.5mL NS
Methylprednisolone trade name?
Solu-medrol
Solu-Medrol classification?
Glucocorticoid
Solu-Medrol actions?
Decreases inflammation; an adrenal corticoid steroid that suppress migration of polymophpnuclear leukocytes and reverses increase cap permeability.
Solu-Medrol onset/duration ?
1-2 hours/ 8-24 hours
Solu-Medrol indications?
Anaphylaxis, bronchodilator unresponsive asthma
Solu-Medrol contraindications?
GI bleeding, diabetes mallitus, or severe infection
Solu-Medrol side effects?
Headache, hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis
Solu-Medrol adult dose?
2mg/kg up to 125mg IV or 40-125mg IV
Solu-Medrol peds dose?
2mg/kg IV (max 60mg)
Solu-Medrol supply?
20, 40, 80mg/mL; 125mg/2mL
Rocuronium trade name?
Zemuron
Rocuronium actions?
competitively blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in chemical paralysis
Rocuronium classification?
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Rocuronium onset/duration ?
1 min/ 26-40 min (peak: 4 min)
Rocuronium indications?
chemical paralysis for airway placement, ongoing chemical paralysis for mechanically ventilated pts
Rocuronium contraindications?
hypersensitivity (consider risk of not being able to place the airway)
Rocuronium side effects?
apnea, tachycardia, hypertension, anaphylaxis, dysrhythmias
Rocuronium adult dose?
0.6-1.2mg/kg IV; often ordered as 1mg/kg initially, then 0.5mg/kg for subsequent doses
Rocuronium supply?
10mg/mL solution in 5mL and 10mL vials
Succinylcholine trade name?
Anectine
Succinylcholine classification?
Depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker
Succinylcholine actions?
Binds to receptors for acetycholine, line nondepolarizing blockers. However, bc they cause depolarization of the muscular membrane. they often lead to fasciculations and muscular contractions
Succinylcholine onset/duration ?
< 1 min/ 5-10 min
Succinylcholine indications?
Premed for tracheal intubation, terminating laryngospasm, muscle relaxation
Succinylcholine contraindication?
hypersensitivity, burns or crush injuries > 72 hours old, muscular dystrophy, acute rhabdomyolysis
Succinylcholine side effects?
hypotension, respiratory depression, bradycardia, allergic reaction, excessive salivation, malignant hyperthermia
Succinylcholine adult dose?
0.3-1.1 mg/kg (25-75 mg) over 10-30 seconds IV
Succinylcholine RSI dose?
1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO
Succinylcholine supply?
20, 100 mg/mL
Vecuronium trade name ?
Norcuron
Vecuronium classification?
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Vecuronium actions?
Competitively blocks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in chemical paralysis
Vecuronium onset/duration?
2.5-3 min/ 30-40 min (peak: 3-5 min)
Vecuronium indications?
Chemical paralysis for airway placement, ongoing chemical paralysis for mechanically ventilated pts
Vecuronium contraindications?
Hypersensitivity (consider risks for failed airway placement)
Vecuronium side effects?
apnea, tachycardia, hypertension, anaphylaxis, dysrhythmias
Vecuronium adult dose?
0.08-0.1 mg/kg IV
Vecuronium peds dose?
same dose as adults
Vecuronium supply?
1 mg/mL solution in 10mL and 20mL vials
Vecuronium supply?
1 mg/mL solution in 10mL and 20mL vials